Bacterial meningitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:<br> | Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:<ref name="pmid25753069">{{cite journal| author=Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D| title=Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-60 | pmid=25753069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25753069 }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid8416268">{{cite journal| author=Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS et al.| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-8 | pmid=8416268 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199301073280104 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8416268 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308 }} </ref><ref name="pmid1554841">{{cite journal| author=Moore PS| title=Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 515-25 | pmid=1554841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1554841 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19419829">{{cite journal| author=Revest M, Michelet C| title=[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 562-71 | pmid=19419829 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19419829 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22091233">{{cite journal| author=Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH| title=Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2011 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 207-10 | pmid=22091233 | doi= | pmc=3214305 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22091233 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3088242">{{cite journal| author=Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D| title=Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1986 | volume= 109 | issue= 1 | pages= 15-9 | pmid=3088242 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3088242 }} </ref><br> | ||
'''Age''' | '''Age''' | ||
*Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age | *Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age | ||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
*Hypogammaglobulinemia, and | *Hypogammaglobulinemia, and | ||
*Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection | *Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection | ||
''' | '''Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier''' | ||
* | *Basilar skull fracture | ||
*Neurosurgery | |||
*CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors | |||
*CSF shunts | |||
*Choclear implants | |||
'''Other risk factors''' | '''Other risk factors''' | ||
*Smoking | *Smoking |
Revision as of 18:01, 4 January 2017
Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Risk factors
Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:[1][2][3][4][4][5][6][7][8]
Age
- Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age
- Type of bacteria affecting affecting different age groups varies
Community setting
- People living in dorms
- Military personnel
- Large gatherings in college campuses
Certain medical conditions
- Recent respiratory or ear infection
- Otorrhea or rhinorrhea
- Lupus
- Infective endocarditis
Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
- Microbiologists
- Lab personnel
Travel
- Recent travel to endemic area such as sub-Saharan Africa
- Travel to Mecca during the annual Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage
Immunosuppression
- Prolonged steroid therapy
- Complement deficiency
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypogammaglobulinemia, and
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier
- Basilar skull fracture
- Neurosurgery
- CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors
- CSF shunts
- Choclear implants
Other risk factors
- Smoking
- Alcohalism
- Injection drug abuse
- Sepsis
References
- ↑ Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D (2015). "Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". Neth J Med. 73 (2): 53–60. PMID 25753069.
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017
- ↑ Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS; et al. (1993). "Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes". N Engl J Med. 328 (1): 21–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199301073280104. PMID 8416268.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L (2006). "Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis". Neurosurgery. 59 (1): 126–33, discussion 126-33. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92. PMID 16823308.
- ↑ Moore PS (1992). "Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process". Clin Infect Dis. 14 (2): 515–25. PMID 1554841.
- ↑ Revest M, Michelet C (2009). "[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]". Med Mal Infect. 39 (7–8): 562–71. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029. PMID 19419829.
- ↑ Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH (2011). "Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor". J Res Med Sci. 16 (2): 207–10. PMC 3214305. PMID 22091233.
- ↑ Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D (1986). "Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia". J Pediatr. 109 (1): 15–9. PMID 3088242.