Bacterial meningitis primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Primary prevention

Primary preventive measures to prevent bacterial meningitis include the following

Vaccination

There are three types of vaccination available for prevention of bacterial meningitis from three bacterial agents. These include:

Vaccinations
Type of Vaccination	Recommendations
Pneumococcal	Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Children under 2 years of age Older people >65 years of age Individuals 2 to 65 years of with medical conditions such as patients with CKD, cochlear implants, asplenia Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine All adults 65 years or older People 2 to 65 years with certain medical conditions such as diabetes and chronic heart, lung or liver disease Adults 19 to 64 years who smoke cigarettes
Meningococcal	Children and adolescents age 11 through 18 Military recruits College students living in dorms Splenectomy or splenic damage Person having complement deficiency People travelling to endemic areas such as Africa
Hemophilus influenza type b (Hib)	All children younger than 5 years of age

Other preventive measures

Other preventive measures
Preventive strategy	Recommendations
Avoidance of risk factors
Droplet precaution	People exposed to patients within three to six feet of the patient should wear surgical mask Doors of the room where patient resides should be kept open
Chemoprophylaxis	Chemopropylaxis required for suspected or confirmed cases of meningococcal infection All household members Roomates or intimate contacts Child care workers People directly exposed to patient's respiratory or oral secretions Airline travelers seated close to affected person > 8 hours

References

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