Cystitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:<ref name="pmid3776980">{{cite journal| author=Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B| title=Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1986 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 977-85 | pmid=3776980 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3776980 }} </ref><ref name=hhh> Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18061019">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12, v | pmid=18061019 | doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18061019 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22289552">{{cite journal| author=Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ| title=Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | journal=J Int Med Res | year= 2011 | volume= 39 | issue= 6 | pages= 2335-43 | pmid=22289552 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22289552 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11341472">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection. | journal=Drugs Aging | year= 2001 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-54 | pmid=11341472 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11341472 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16298166">{{cite journal| author=Franco AV| title=Recurrent urinary tract infections. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 | issue= 6 | pages= 861-73 | pmid=16298166 | doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16298166 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20639019">{{cite journal| author=Scholes D, Hawn TR, Roberts PL, Li SS, Stapleton AE, Zhao LP et al.| title=Family history and risk of recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. | journal=J Urol | year= 2010 | volume= 184 | issue= 2 | pages= 564-9 | pmid=20639019 | doi=10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.139 | pmc=3665335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20639019 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:<ref name="pmid3776980">{{cite journal| author=Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B| title=Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1986 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 977-85 | pmid=3776980 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3776980 }} </ref><ref name=hhh> Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18061019">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12, v | pmid=18061019 | doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18061019 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22289552">{{cite journal| author=Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ| title=Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | journal=J Int Med Res | year= 2011 | volume= 39 | issue= 6 | pages= 2335-43 | pmid=22289552 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22289552 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11341472">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection. | journal=Drugs Aging | year= 2001 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-54 | pmid=11341472 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11341472 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16298166">{{cite journal| author=Franco AV| title=Recurrent urinary tract infections. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 | issue= 6 | pages= 861-73 | pmid=16298166 | doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16298166 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20639019">{{cite journal| author=Scholes D, Hawn TR, Roberts PL, Li SS, Stapleton AE, Zhao LP et al.| title=Family history and risk of recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. | journal=J Urol | year= 2010 | volume= 184 | issue= 2 | pages= 564-9 | pmid=20639019 | doi=10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.139 | pmc=3665335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20639019 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21349389">{{cite journal| author=Ples R, Méchaï F, Champiat B, Droupy S, Huerre M, Guettier C et al.| title=[Pseudotumoral toxoplasmic cystitis revealing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | journal=Ann Pathol | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 46-9 | pmid=21349389 | doi=10.1016/j.annpat.2010.11.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21349389 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Catheterization]] | *[[Catheterization]] | ||
*Sexual intercourse (females) | *Sexual intercourse (females) | ||
| Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
*Genetic predisposition/ Family History | *Genetic predisposition/ Family History | ||
*Distance of the urethra from the anus | *Distance of the urethra from the anus | ||
*[[HIV]] | |||
*[[Toxoplasmosis]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:57, 7 January 2017
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Cystitis risk factors On the Web | |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include diabetes, pregnancy, catheterization, bowel incontinence, old age, and immobility.[1]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
- Catheterization
- Sexual intercourse (females)
- Lack of circumcision
- Any blockage of the bladder or urethra
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Bowel incontinence
- Old age
- Pregnancy
- Urinary retention
- Homosexual men
- Procedures that involve the urinary tract
- Immobility
- Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
- Post menopausal status
- Antimicrobial drugs
- Oestrogen use
- Genetic predisposition/ Family History
- Distance of the urethra from the anus
- HIV
- Toxoplasmosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B (1986). "Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection". Am J Epidemiol. 124 (6): 977–85. PMID 3776980.
- ↑ Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016
- ↑ Hooton TM (2000). "Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update". J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 Suppl A: 1–7. PMID 10969044.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol Clin North Am. 35 (1): 1–12, v. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004. PMID 18061019.
- ↑ Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ (2011). "Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study". J Int Med Res. 39 (6): 2335–43. PMID 22289552.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2001). "A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection". Drugs Aging. 18 (4): 243–54. PMID 11341472.
- ↑ Franco AV (2005). "Recurrent urinary tract infections". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 19 (6): 861–73. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003. PMID 16298166.
- ↑ Scholes D, Hawn TR, Roberts PL, Li SS, Stapleton AE, Zhao LP; et al. (2010). "Family history and risk of recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis in women". J Urol. 184 (2): 564–9. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.139. PMC 3665335. PMID 20639019.
- ↑ Ples R, Méchaï F, Champiat B, Droupy S, Huerre M, Guettier C; et al. (2011). "[Pseudotumoral toxoplasmic cystitis revealing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]". Ann Pathol. 31 (1): 46–9. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2010.11.001. PMID 21349389.