Brucellosis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Brucellosis is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that | [[Brucellosis]] is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that [[Brucellosis]] occurred in animals 60 million years ago and 3 million years ago in human beings. In 450 BC, Hippocrates described a disease similar to [[Brucellosis]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Brucellosis is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that brucellosis occurred in animals 60 million years ago and 3 million ago in | Brucellosis is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that brucellosis occurred in animals 60 million years ago and 3 million years ago in human beings. In 450 BC, Hippocrates described a disease similar to [[Brucellosis]]. Few of the important events in understanding the nature of disease are:<ref name="a">Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 1, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid27031903">{{cite journal| author=Akpinar O| title=Historical perspective of brucellosis: a microbiological and epidemiological overview. | journal=Infez Med | year= 2016 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 77-86 | pmid=27031903 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27031903 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8813991">{{cite journal| author=Vassallo DJ| title=The saga of brucellosis: controversy over credit for linking Malta fever with goats' milk. | journal=Lancet | year= 1996 | volume= 348 | issue= 9030 | pages= 804-8 | pmid=8813991 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8813991 }}</ref><ref>Wright A.E., Smith F. On the application of the serum test to the differential diagnosis of typhoid fever and Malta fever. Lancet. 1, 656-659,1897</ref> | ||
* Around 20 million years ago, Moreno et. al reported the presence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in double-hoofed animals | * Around 20 million years ago, Moreno et. al reported the presence of [[Brucella abortus]] and [[Brucella melitensis]] in double-hoofed animals. | ||
* In 1860, Jeffery Allen Marston, surgical assistant in Royal Academy of Medicine, described Brucellosis as “gastric remittent fever” | * In 1860, Jeffery Allen Marston, surgical assistant in Royal Academy of Medicine, described [[Brucellosis]] as “gastric remittent fever”. | ||
* In 1887, Sir David Bruce, Scottish physician, isolated gram negative coccobacilli from spleens of five british soldiers, termed it as Micrococcus. | * In 1887, Sir David Bruce, Scottish physician, isolated [[gram negative]] coccobacilli from [[Spleen (Zang)|spleens]] of five british soldiers, termed it as Micrococcus. | ||
* In 1895, the Danish veterinarian Bernard Lauritz Frederik Bang isolated microorganisms, | * In 1895, the Danish veterinarian Bernard Lauritz Frederik Bang isolated microorganisms from cattle, termed it as Bacillus abortus | ||
* In 1897, Wright and Smith described | * In 1897, Wright and Smith described [[Brucellosis]] as a [[zoonotic]] disease, after detecting specific [[antibodies]] of [[Brucella melitensis]] in human and animal [[serum]]. | ||
* In 1897, Bernhard Bang, Danish veterinarian isolated ''[[Brucella abortus]]'' as the agent and the additional name ''Bang's disease'' was assigned. In modern usage "Bang's disease" is often shortened to just "''bangs''" when ranchers discuss the disease or vaccine. | * In 1897, Bernhard Bang, Danish veterinarian isolated ''[[Brucella abortus]]'' as the agent and the additional name ''Bang's disease'' was assigned. In modern usage "Bang's disease" is often shortened to just "''bangs''" when ranchers discuss the disease or vaccine. | ||
* In 1905, Maltese doctor and archaeologist Sir Temi Zammit identified unpasteurized milk as the major source of the pathogen | * In 1905, Maltese doctor and archaeologist Sir Temi Zammit identified [[Unpasteurized milk|unpasteurized]] milk as the major source of the [[pathogen]] and it has since become known as Malta Fever, or ''deni rqiq'' locally. In cattle this disease is also known as ''contagious [[abortion]]'' or ''[[infectious]] abortion''. | ||
* The popular name "'''undulant fever'''" originates from the characteristic undulance (or "wave-like" nature) of the fever which rises and falls over weeks in untreated patients. In the 20th Century, this name, along with " | * The popular name "'''undulant fever'''" originates from the characteristic undulance (or "wave-like" nature) of the fever which rises and falls over weeks in untreated patients. In the 20th Century, this name, along with "[[Brucellosis]]" (after ''[[Brucella]]'', named for Dr Bruce), gradually replaced the 19th Century names "Mediterranean fever" and "Malta fever". | ||
* In 1989, neurologists in Saudi Arabia discovered "neurobrucellosis", a neurological involvement in | * In 1989, neurologists in Saudi Arabia discovered "neurobrucellosis", a [[Neurology|neurological]] involvement in [[Brucellosis]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac
Overview
Brucellosis is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that Brucellosis occurred in animals 60 million years ago and 3 million years ago in human beings. In 450 BC, Hippocrates described a disease similar to Brucellosis.
Historical Perspective
Brucellosis is an ancient disease. According to some studies, there is evidence that brucellosis occurred in animals 60 million years ago and 3 million years ago in human beings. In 450 BC, Hippocrates described a disease similar to Brucellosis. Few of the important events in understanding the nature of disease are:[1][2][3][4]
- Around 20 million years ago, Moreno et. al reported the presence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in double-hoofed animals.
- In 1860, Jeffery Allen Marston, surgical assistant in Royal Academy of Medicine, described Brucellosis as “gastric remittent fever”.
- In 1887, Sir David Bruce, Scottish physician, isolated gram negative coccobacilli from spleens of five british soldiers, termed it as Micrococcus.
- In 1895, the Danish veterinarian Bernard Lauritz Frederik Bang isolated microorganisms from cattle, termed it as Bacillus abortus
- In 1897, Wright and Smith described Brucellosis as a zoonotic disease, after detecting specific antibodies of Brucella melitensis in human and animal serum.
- In 1897, Bernhard Bang, Danish veterinarian isolated Brucella abortus as the agent and the additional name Bang's disease was assigned. In modern usage "Bang's disease" is often shortened to just "bangs" when ranchers discuss the disease or vaccine.
- In 1905, Maltese doctor and archaeologist Sir Temi Zammit identified unpasteurized milk as the major source of the pathogen and it has since become known as Malta Fever, or deni rqiq locally. In cattle this disease is also known as contagious abortion or infectious abortion.
- The popular name "undulant fever" originates from the characteristic undulance (or "wave-like" nature) of the fever which rises and falls over weeks in untreated patients. In the 20th Century, this name, along with "Brucellosis" (after Brucella, named for Dr Bruce), gradually replaced the 19th Century names "Mediterranean fever" and "Malta fever".
- In 1989, neurologists in Saudi Arabia discovered "neurobrucellosis", a neurological involvement in Brucellosis.
References
- ↑ Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 1, 2016
- ↑ Akpinar O (2016). "Historical perspective of brucellosis: a microbiological and epidemiological overview". Infez Med. 24 (1): 77–86. PMID 27031903.
- ↑ Vassallo DJ (1996). "The saga of brucellosis: controversy over credit for linking Malta fever with goats' milk". Lancet. 348 (9030): 804–8. PMID 8813991.
- ↑ Wright A.E., Smith F. On the application of the serum test to the differential diagnosis of typhoid fever and Malta fever. Lancet. 1, 656-659,1897