Bacterial meningitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Physical examination== | ==Physical examination== | ||
Physical examination of bacterial meningitis may vary in adults and in infants. Following signs may suggest bacterial meningitis:<ref name="pmid10411200">{{cite journal| author=Attia J, Hatala R, Cook DJ, Wong JG| title=The rational clinical examination. Does this adult patient have acute meningitis? | journal=JAMA | year= 1999 | volume= 282 | issue= 2 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=10411200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10411200 }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0047163/ Accessed on Jan 9th, 2017</ref> | Physical examination of bacterial meningitis may vary in adults and in infants. Following signs may suggest bacterial meningitis:<ref name="pmid10411200">{{cite journal| author=Attia J, Hatala R, Cook DJ, Wong JG| title=The rational clinical examination. Does this adult patient have acute meningitis? | journal=JAMA | year= 1999 | volume= 282 | issue= 2 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=10411200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10411200 }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0047163/ Accessed on Jan 9th, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref> | ||
===Adults=== | ===Adults=== | ||
The physical examination findings in adults may include the following: | The physical examination findings in adults may include the following: |
Revision as of 16:12, 9 January 2017
Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Physical examination
Physical examination of bacterial meningitis may vary in adults and in infants. Following signs may suggest bacterial meningitis:[1][2][3]
Adults
The physical examination findings in adults may include the following:
General appearance
- Patient may look distressed
- Altered mental status-not oriented in time, place and person
Vital signs
- Bradycardia may indicate increased intracranial pressure
- Increased or decreased temperature
HEENT
- Signs of infection indicating sinusitis, mastoiditis, and otitis media may help identify the source of infection and give a clue about diagnosis.
- Papilledema may indicate increased intracranial pressure.
- Neck stiffness is strongly suggestive of meningitis.
CVS
- Decreased heart rate indicates increased intracranial pressure
CNS
- Signs of neurological deficit may not be present.
Skin
- Presence of skin rash may indicate Neisseria meningitidis infection
Special tests
There are two special tests for meningitis:
- Postive kernig's sign indicate meningitis.
- Positive brudzinski's sign may suggest meningitis with a sensitivity of and specificity of
Infants
- Neck stiffenss
- Altered mental status
- Bulging fontanelle
- Convulsions
- Petechial rash
References
- ↑ Attia J, Hatala R, Cook DJ, Wong JG (1999). "The rational clinical examination. Does this adult patient have acute meningitis?". JAMA. 282 (2): 175–81. PMID 10411200.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0047163/ Accessed on Jan 9th, 2017
- ↑ Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2010). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3): 467–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00070-09. PMC 2901656. PMID 20610819.