Brucellosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Worldwide, the incidence of Brucellosis ranges from a low of 0.01 per 100,000 to high of 200 per 100,000 individuals. Case fatality rate is less than 2% when untreated. Brucellosis most commonly affects men in age group between 20 to 45 years old. Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.<ref name="c">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/exposure/index.html.html. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> | Worldwide, the [[incidence]] of [[Brucellosis]] ranges from a low of 0.01 per 100,000 to high of 200 per 100,000 individuals. [[Case fatality rate]] is less than 2% when untreated. [[Brucellosis]] most commonly affects men in age group between 20 to 45 years old. Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.<ref name="c">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/exposure/index.html.html. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
[[Epidemiology]] and [[Demographics]] of [[Brucellosis]] include:<ref name="c" /><ref name="pmid27717526">{{cite journal| author=Mailles A, Garin-Bastuji B, Lavigne JP, Jay M, Sotto A, Maurin M et al.| title=Human brucellosis in France in the 21st century: Results from national surveillance 2004-2013. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2016 | volume= 46 | issue= 8 | pages= 411-418 | pmid=27717526 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2016.08.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27717526 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9204307" /><ref name="ccc" /><ref name="a" /><ref name="abc" /> | |||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] in different endemic countries varies between 0.01 and 200 per 100,000 individuals. | *The [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] in different [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] countries varies between 0.01 and 200 per 100,000 individuals. | ||
*The low [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] reported in known | *The low [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] reported in known Brucellosis-endemic areas may reflect low levels of surveillance and reporting.<ref name="pmid9204307">{{cite journal| author=Corbel MJ| title=Brucellosis: an overview. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 213-21 | pmid=9204307 | doi=10.3201/eid0302.970219 | pmc=PMC2627605 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9204307 }} </ref> | ||
*Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.<ref name="c">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/exposure/index.html. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> | *Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.<ref name="c">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/exposure/index.html. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> | ||
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====Developing Countries==== | ====Developing Countries==== | ||
*Developing countries often do not have safeguards that can help prevent or monitor possible outbreaks, such as pasteurization laws, animal control/slaughter regulations, and | *Developing countries often do not have safeguards that can help prevent or monitor possible outbreaks, such as pasteurization laws, animal control/slaughter regulations, and Brucellosis surveillance programs.<ref name="c" /> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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====Age==== | ====Age==== | ||
*Brucellosis most commonly affects individuals 20 and 45 years old.<ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref> | *[[Brucellosis]] most commonly affects individuals 20 and 45 years old.<ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref> | ||
====Gender==== | ====Gender==== | ||
*Men are more commonly affected with | *Men are more commonly affected with [[Brucellosis]] than women.<ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref> | ||
==== Race ==== | ==== Race ==== | ||
*There is no racial predilection to | *There is no racial predilection to [[Brucellosis]]. | ||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
Revision as of 16:10, 9 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac
Overview
Worldwide, the incidence of Brucellosis ranges from a low of 0.01 per 100,000 to high of 200 per 100,000 individuals. Case fatality rate is less than 2% when untreated. Brucellosis most commonly affects men in age group between 20 to 45 years old. Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology and Demographics of Brucellosis include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Incidence
- The incidence in different endemic countries varies between 0.01 and 200 per 100,000 individuals.
- The low incidence reported in known Brucellosis-endemic areas may reflect low levels of surveillance and reporting.[3]
- Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.[1]
Case Fatality Rate
- The case fatality rate of brucellosis is less than 2% when untreated.[4]
Developed Countries
- Dairy herds in the USA to be certified brucellosis-free are tested at least once a year with the Brucella milk ring test. Many countries such as the US have good surveillance programs.
- Australia, Canada, France, Belgium, Germany, and many other countries are considered to be brucellosis-free.[5]
Developing Countries
- Developing countries often do not have safeguards that can help prevent or monitor possible outbreaks, such as pasteurization laws, animal control/slaughter regulations, and Brucellosis surveillance programs.[1]
-
Number of reported cases - United States and U.S. territories, 2010
-
Cases of Brucellosis in humans in the United States from the years 1993-2010 surveyed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
Demographics
Age
- Brucellosis most commonly affects individuals 20 and 45 years old.[6]
Gender
- Men are more commonly affected with Brucellosis than women.[6]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to Brucellosis.
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/exposure/index.html.html. Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ Mailles A, Garin-Bastuji B, Lavigne JP, Jay M, Sotto A, Maurin M; et al. (2016). "Human brucellosis in France in the 21st century: Results from national surveillance 2004-2013". Med Mal Infect. 46 (8): 411–418. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2016.08.007. PMID 27717526.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Corbel MJ (1997). "Brucellosis: an overview". Emerg Infect Dis. 3 (2): 213–21. doi:10.3201/eid0302.970219. PMC 2627605. PMID 9204307.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brucelosis. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/disease-reporting/guide/brucellosis.pdf. Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016