Cystitis causes: Difference between revisions
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*[[Alcohol]] | *[[Alcohol]] | ||
*[[Allopurinol]] | *[[Allopurinol]] | ||
* | *Artificial sweeteners | ||
* | *Autoimmune interstitial cystitis | ||
*[[BCG vaccine]] | *[[BCG vaccine]] | ||
*[[Behcet's disease]] | *[[Behcet's disease]] | ||
*[[Benign | *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] | ||
*[[Benzidine]] | *[[Benzidine]] | ||
*[[Bladder incontinence]] | *[[Bladder incontinence]] | ||
*[[Caffeine]] | *[[Caffeine]] | ||
*[[Candida]] | *[[Candida]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Cetirizine]] | ||
* | *Chemical cystitis | ||
*[[Chlamydia]] | *[[Chlamydia]] | ||
* | *Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract | ||
*[[Crohn's disease]] | *[[Crohn's disease]] | ||
*[[Cyclophosphamide]] | *[[Cyclophosphamide]] | ||
| Line 180: | Line 179: | ||
*[[Diabetes]] | *[[Diabetes]] | ||
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]] | *[[Diabetic neuropathy]] | ||
* | *Diaphragm Use | ||
*[[Diarrhea]] | *[[Diarrhea]] | ||
*[[Diverticulitis]] | *[[Diverticulitis]] | ||
| Line 190: | Line 189: | ||
*[[Enlarged prostate]] | *[[Enlarged prostate]] | ||
*[[Enterobacter]] | *[[Enterobacter]] | ||
* | *[Episiotomy scar infection | ||
* | *Feminine hygeine sprays | ||
*Foreign body cystitis | |||
* | *Frequent Intercourse | ||
* | |||
*[[Gonorrhea]] | *[[Gonorrhea]] | ||
* | *Gynecological cancers | ||
* | *Honeymoon cystitis | ||
*[[Hunner's ulcer]] | *[[Hunner's ulcer]] | ||
*[[Ifosfamide]] | *[[Ifosfamide]] | ||
*[[Immobility]] | *[[Immobility]] | ||
*Intense intercourse | |||
*[[Interstitial cystitis]] | *[[Interstitial cystitis]] | ||
*[[Klebsiella]] | *[[Klebsiella]] | ||
*[[Lupus]] | *[[Lupus]] | ||
* | *Men having sex with men<ref name="pmid2868203">{{cite journal| author=Barnes RC, Daifuku R, Roddy RE, Stamm WE| title=Urinary-tract infection in sexually active homosexual men. | journal=Lancet | year= 1986 | volume= 1 | issue= 8474 | pages= 171-3 | pmid=2868203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2868203 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11280121">{{cite journal| author=Russell DB, Roth NJ| title=Urinary tract infections in men in a primary care population. | journal=Aust Fam Physician | year= 2001 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 177-9 | pmid=11280121 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11280121 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Menopause]] | *[[Menopause]] | ||
*[[Methotrexate]] | *[[Methotrexate]] | ||
* | *Narrowing of the urethral opening | ||
*[[NSAIDs]] | *[[NSAIDs]] | ||
*[[Oxaprozin]] | *[[Oxaprozin]] | ||
* | *Perfumed soap | ||
*[[PID]] | *[[PID]] | ||
* | *Poor hygiene | ||
* | *Poor nutrition | ||
* | *Posterior urethral valve | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] | *[[Pregnancy]] | ||
*[[Prostatitis]] | *[[Prostatitis]] | ||
| Line 226: | Line 223: | ||
*[[Serratia]] | *[[Serratia]] | ||
*[[Sexually transmitted diseases]] | *[[Sexually transmitted diseases]] | ||
* | *Spermicidal jellies | ||
*[[Spinal cord injury]] | *[[Spinal cord injury]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Staphylococcus saprophyticus]] | ||
*[[SLE]]<ref name="pmid28001179">{{cite journal| author=Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB et al.| title=Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 4 | pages= 478-482 | pmid=28001179 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160077 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28001179 }} </ref> | *[[SLE]]<ref name="pmid28001179">{{cite journal| author=Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB et al.| title=Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 4 | pages= 478-482 | pmid=28001179 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160077 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28001179 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Talcum powder]] | *[[Talcum powder]] | ||
*[[Tiaprofenic acid]] | *[[Tiaprofenic acid]] | ||
*[[Tiagabine]] | *[[Tiagabine]] | ||
* | *Ticarciline | ||
* | *Tight fitting underwear | ||
* | *Tomatoes | ||
* | *Tranilast | ||
*[[Trichomoniasis]]<ref name="pmid27793272">{{cite journal| author=Chang PC, Hsu YC, Hsieh ML, Huang ST, Huang HC, Chen Y| title=A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. | journal=Biomed J | year= 2016 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 289-294 | pmid=27793272 | doi=10.1016/j.bj.2015.11.005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27793272 }} </ref> | *[[Trichomoniasis]]<ref name="pmid27793272">{{cite journal| author=Chang PC, Hsu YC, Hsieh ML, Huang ST, Huang HC, Chen Y| title=A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. | journal=Biomed J | year= 2016 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 289-294 | pmid=27793272 | doi=10.1016/j.bj.2015.11.005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27793272 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | *[[Tuberculosis]] | ||
| Line 248: | Line 245: | ||
*[[Urinary tract infection]] | *[[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
*[[Urofacial syndrome]] | *[[Urofacial syndrome]] | ||
* | *Vescicoenteric fistula | ||
* | *Vesicoureteral reflex<ref name="pmid28051222">{{cite journal| author=Jellouli M, Ben Mansour A, Abidi K, Ferjani M, Naija O, Hammi Y et al.| title=Contribution of ultrasound scans in the first episode of urinary tract infection in children. | journal=Tunis Med | year= 2016 | volume= 94 | issue= 6 | pages= 167-170 | pmid=28051222 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28051222 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Xanthinuria]] | *[[Xanthinuria]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | {{EndMultiCol}} | ||
Revision as of 19:04, 9 January 2017
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Cystitis Microchapters | |
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Diagnosis | |
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Treatment | |
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Case Studies | |
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Cystitis causes On the Web | |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cystitis causes | |
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [1]
Overview
More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by escherichia coli ("E. coli"), a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Some viruses, fungi and parasites can also rarely cause cystitis. Other causes of cystitis include certain medications, diabetes, Crohn's disease, iatrogenic causes, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary obstruction, bladder incontinence, Bladder Catheterisation, Trauma, Contraceptives like spermicides, Immobility and Genetic predisposition.[1][2][3]
Causes
Common Causes
Infections are the most common cause of cystitis. More than 80% of cases of cystitis are caused by escherichia coli ("E. coli"), a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Pathogens causing cystitis include: [1]
- Escherichia Coli
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Proteus species
- Enterococci
Hemorrhagic Causes
Hemorrhagic Cystitis can be caused by certain medications, procedures, radiation therapy and infections. [4][5][6]
- cyclophosphamide
- ifosfamide
- radiation therapy
- Adenovirus
- Metabolites of Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Other Disease Causes
The following syndromes can lead to Cystitis:[7][8][9][1]
Causes by Organ System
The causes of Cystitis with rest to organ system can be classified as:[10][11][12][13][4][5][6][14][15][3][16][17][18][19][8]
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | Artificial sweeteners, benzidine, chemical cystitis, diaphragm, feminine hygeine sprays, perfumed soap, spermicidal jellies, talcum powder |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Allopurinol, BCG vaccine, Cetirizine, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Danazol, Doxorubicin, drug induced cystitis, hexaminolevulinate Ifosfamide, Leflunomide, Methotrexate, NSAIDs, Oxaprozin, Pramipexole, Sertraline, Tiagabine, Tiaprofenic acid, Ticarcillin, Topiramate, Tranilast |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Diabetes, diabetic neuropathy |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Crohn's disease, diarrhea, diverticulitis, vescicoenteric fistula |
| Genetic | Urofacial syndrome, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Cystoscopy, radiotherapy, urinary catheter, episiotomy scar infection |
| Infectious Disease | Candida, chlamydia, E. coli, enterobacter, gonorrhea, klebsiella, prostatitis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, schistosomiasis, serratia, sexually transmitted diseases, staphylococcus saprophyticus, trichomoniasis, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Diabetic neuropathy |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, poor nutrition, tomatoes, xanthinuria, artificial sweeteners |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Endometriosis, gynecological cancers, menopause, PID, pregnancy, episiotomy scar infection |
| Oncologic | Gynecological cancers, Urachal cancer |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Behcet's disease, Systemic lupus Erythematosis, Crohn's disease, autoimmune interstitial cystitis |
| Sexual | Frequent intercourse, men having sex with men, Intense intercourse, honeymoon cystitis |
| Trauma | Spinal cord injury |
| Urologic | Autoimmune interstitial cystitis, benign prostate hyperplasia, bladder incontinence, congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract, enlarged prostate, honeymoon cystitis, Hunner's ulcer, interstitial cystitis, narrowing of the urethral opening, posterior urethral valve, urachal cancer, urachal cyst, urethral syndrome, urethritis, urinary obstruction, urinary stones, vescicoenteric fistula, urinary tract infection |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Dehydration, foreign body cystitis, immobility, old age, poor hygeine, Use of Sanitary Pads, tight fitting underwear |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ronald A (2002). "The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens". Am J Med. 113 Suppl 1A: 14S–19S. PMID 12113867.
- ↑ Aydos MM, Memis A, Yakupoglu YK, Ozdal OL, Oztekin V (2001). "The use and efficacy of the American Urological Association Symptom Index in assessing the outcome of urethroplasty for post-traumatic complete posterior urethral strictures". BJU Int. 88 (4): 382–4. PMID 11564026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bilichenko SV, Maĭzel's IG, Golovina EI, Arkhipov VV (2001). "[Bladder foreign body in a 4-year-old girl]". Urologiia (3): 42–3. PMID 11505545.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cox PJ (1979). "Cyclophosphamide cystitis and bladder cancer. A hypothesis". Eur J Cancer. 15 (8): 1071–2. PMID 510344.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Russo P (2000). "Urologic emergencies in the cancer patient". Semin Oncol. 27 (3): 284–98. PMID 10864217.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wakamiya T, Kuramoto T, Inagaki T (2016). "[Two Cases of Spontaneous Rupture of the Urinary Bladder Associated with Radiation Cystitis, Repaired with Omentum Covering]". Hinyokika Kiyo. 62 (10): 545–548. doi:10.14989/ActaUrolJap_62_10_545. PMID 27919130.
- ↑ Ples R, Méchaï F, Champiat B, Droupy S, Huerre M, Guettier C; et al. (2011). "[Pseudotumoral toxoplasmic cystitis revealing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]". Ann Pathol. 31 (1): 46–9. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2010.11.001. PMID 21349389.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB; et al. (2016). "Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement". J Bras Nefrol. 38 (4): 478–482. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20160077. PMID 28001179.
- ↑ Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B (1986). "Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection". Am J Epidemiol. 124 (6): 977–85. PMID 3776980.
- ↑ Hooton TM, Stamm WE (1997). "Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 11 (3): 551–81. PMID 9378923.
- ↑ Friedlander JI, Shorter B, Moldwin RM (2012). "Diet and its role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and comorbid conditions". BJU Int. 109 (11): 1584–91. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10860.x. PMID 22233286.
- ↑ Leutscher PD, Pedersen M, Raharisolo C, Jensen JS, Hoffmann S, Lisse I; et al. (2005). "Increased prevalence of leukocytes and elevated cytokine levels in semen from Schistosoma haematobium-infected individuals". J Infect Dis. 191 (10): 1639–47. doi:10.1086/429334. PMID 15838790.
- ↑ Okazaki S, Hori J, Kita M, Yamaguchi S, Kawakami N, Kakizaki H (2014). "[A case of eosinophilic cystitis mimicking an invasive bladder cancer]". Hinyokika Kiyo. 60 (12): 635–9. PMID 25602481.
- ↑ Cunha BA, Lee P, Kaouris N, Raza M (2015). "The safety of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of nosocomial catheter-associated bacteriuria (CAB) and cystitis". J Chemother. 27 (2): 122–3. doi:10.1179/1973947814Y.0000000202. PMID 25004793.
- ↑ Teal SB, Craven WM (2006). "Inadvertent vesicular placement of a vaginal contraceptive ring presenting as persistent cystitis". Obstet Gynecol. 107 (2 Pt 2): 470–2. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000164072.91339.9e. PMID 16449153.
- ↑ Grimsby GM, Tyson MD, Salevitz B, Smith ML, Castle EP (2012). "Bladder Outlet Obstruction Secondary to a Brunn's Cyst". Curr Urol. 6 (1): 50–2. doi:10.1159/000338871. PMC 3783323. PMID 24917712.
- ↑ Tzou KY, Chiang YT (2016). "Emphysematous Cystitis". N Engl J Med. 375 (18): 1779. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1509543. PMID 27806219.
- ↑ Echols RM, Tosiello RL, Haverstock DC, Tice AD (1999). "Demographic, clinical, and treatment parameters influencing the outcome of acute cystitis". Clin Infect Dis. 29 (1): 113–9. doi:10.1086/520138. PMID 10433573.
- ↑ de Cueto M, Aliaga L, Alós JI, Canut A, Los-Arcos I, Martínez JA; et al. (2016). "Executive summary of the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection: Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)". Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.005. PMID 28017477.
- ↑ Barnes RC, Daifuku R, Roddy RE, Stamm WE (1986). "Urinary-tract infection in sexually active homosexual men". Lancet. 1 (8474): 171–3. PMID 2868203.
- ↑ Russell DB, Roth NJ (2001). "Urinary tract infections in men in a primary care population". Aust Fam Physician. 30 (2): 177–9. PMID 11280121.
- ↑ Chang PC, Hsu YC, Hsieh ML, Huang ST, Huang HC, Chen Y (2016). "A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections". Biomed J. 39 (4): 289–294. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2015.11.005. PMID 27793272.
- ↑ Jellouli M, Ben Mansour A, Abidi K, Ferjani M, Naija O, Hammi Y; et al. (2016). "Contribution of ultrasound scans in the first episode of urinary tract infection in children". Tunis Med. 94 (6): 167–170. PMID 28051222.