Brucellosis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If left untreated, patients with brucellosis may progress to develop focal infections, relapses or chronic brucellosis.<ref name="f">Brucellosis. CDC. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/brucellosis. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> Common complications of brucellosis include [[hepatitis|granulomatous hepatitis]], [[arthritis]], [[sacroiliitis]], [[meningitis]], [[orchitis]], [[epididymitis]] [[uveitis]], and [[endocarditis]]. The prognosis of brucellosis is good with adequate treatment. Relapse may occur, and symptoms may continue for years.<ref name="f">Brucellosis. Medline Plus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000597.htm. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref><ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref><ref name="a">Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 1, 2016</ref> | If left untreated, patients with brucellosis may progress to develop focal infections, relapses or chronic brucellosis.<ref name="f">Brucellosis. CDC. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/brucellosis. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref> Common complications of brucellosis include [[hepatitis|granulomatous hepatitis]], [[arthritis]], [[sacroiliitis]], [[meningitis]], [[orchitis]], [[epididymitis]] [[uveitis]], and [[endocarditis]]. The prognosis of brucellosis is good with adequate treatment. Relapse may occur, and symptoms may continue for years.<ref name="f">Brucellosis. Medline Plus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000597.htm. Accessed on February 3, 2016</ref><ref name="abc">FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref><ref name="a">Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 1, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid8699960">{{cite journal| author=Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, Martos F, Sánchez-De-Mora D, Delgado M, Causse M et al.| title=Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 1996 | volume= 75 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-211 | pmid=8699960 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8699960 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17901634">{{cite journal| author=Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS| title=Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis. | journal=Indian J Med Microbiol | year= 2007 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 188-202 | pmid=17901634 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17901634 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7546364">{{cite journal| author=Young EJ| title=Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. | journal=Curr Clin Top Infect Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 15 | issue= | pages= 115-28 | pmid=7546364 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7546364 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21623056">{{cite journal| author=Zamani A, Kooraki S, Mohazab RA, Zamani N, Matloob R, Hayatbakhsh MR et al.| title=Epidemiological and clinical features of Brucella arthritis in 24 children. | journal=Ann Saudi Med | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 3 | pages= 270-3 | pmid=21623056 | doi=10.4103/0256-4947.81543 | pmc=3119967 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21623056 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2330811">{{cite journal| author=Mousa AM, Bahar RH, Araj GF, Koshy TS, Muhtaseb SA, al-Mudallal DS et al.| title=Neurological complications of brucella spondylitis. | journal=Acta Neurol Scand | year= 1990 | volume= 81 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-23 | pmid=2330811 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2330811 }} </ref><ref name="pmid13130417">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, Mastora M, Krteva L, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis and the respiratory system. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2003 | volume= 37 | issue= 7 | pages= e95-9 | pmid=13130417 | doi=10.1086/378125 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13130417 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24480149">{{cite journal| author=Herrick JA, Lederman RJ, Sullivan B, Powers JH, Palmore TN| title=Brucella arteritis: clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 520-6 | pmid=24480149 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70270-6 | pmc=4498663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24480149 }} </ref> | ||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Revision as of 20:49, 9 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with brucellosis may progress to develop focal infections, relapses or chronic brucellosis.[1] Common complications of brucellosis include granulomatous hepatitis, arthritis, sacroiliitis, meningitis, orchitis, epididymitis uveitis, and endocarditis. The prognosis of brucellosis is good with adequate treatment. Relapse may occur, and symptoms may continue for years.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Natural History
If left untreated, patients with brucellosis may progress to develop focal infections, relapses or chronic brucellosis.[12]
Complications
Complications of Brucellosis include the following:</ref></ref></ref>[13]</ref></ref></ref></ref></ref>
| Complications of Brucellosis | |
|---|---|
| Osteoarticular |
|
| Cardiovascular |
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| Hepatobiliary complications |
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| Genitourinary | Orchitis and epididymitis
|
| Neurological |
|
| Gastrointestinal | Colitis, ileitis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
|
| Respiratory tract | |
| Pregnancy | Spontaneous abortion |
| Cutaneous |
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| Opthalmic | Uveitis
|
Prognosis
The prognosis of brucellosis is good with treatment. Mortality is less then 1%, usually due to consequence of cardiac involvement or severe neurologic disease. General well-being and the body weight of the patient are useful guide to estimating the prognosis or chance of relapse.[14]
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brucellosis. CDC. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/brucellosis. Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 FAO/WHO/OIE Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO (2006). http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on February 1, 2016
- ↑ Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, Martos F, Sánchez-De-Mora D, Delgado M, Causse M; et al. (1996). "Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases". Medicine (Baltimore). 75 (4): 195–211. PMID 8699960.
- ↑ Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS (2007). "Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis". Indian J Med Microbiol. 25 (3): 188–202. PMID 17901634.
- ↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.
- ↑ Young EJ (1995). "Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management". Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 15: 115–28. PMID 7546364.
- ↑ Zamani A, Kooraki S, Mohazab RA, Zamani N, Matloob R, Hayatbakhsh MR; et al. (2011). "Epidemiological and clinical features of Brucella arthritis in 24 children". Ann Saudi Med. 31 (3): 270–3. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.81543. PMC 3119967. PMID 21623056.
- ↑ Mousa AM, Bahar RH, Araj GF, Koshy TS, Muhtaseb SA, al-Mudallal DS; et al. (1990). "Neurological complications of brucella spondylitis". Acta Neurol Scand. 81 (1): 16–23. PMID 2330811.
- ↑ Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, Mastora M, Krteva L, Tsianos E (2003). "Brucellosis and the respiratory system". Clin Infect Dis. 37 (7): e95–9. doi:10.1086/378125. PMID 13130417.
- ↑ Herrick JA, Lederman RJ, Sullivan B, Powers JH, Palmore TN (2014). "Brucella arteritis: clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis". Lancet Infect Dis. 14 (6): 520–6. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70270-6. PMC 4498663. PMID 24480149.
- ↑ Brucellosis. CDC. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/brucellosis. Accessed on February 3, 2016
- ↑ Doganay M, Aygen B. Human brucellosis: An overview. Int J Infect Dis 2003; 7:173.
- ↑ Brucellosis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 9th, 2017