Epiglottitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Prior to the introduction of [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine, H. influenza was the common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic [[Streptococcus|Streptococci]] is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.<ref name="pmid27031010">{{cite journal| author=Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED| title=Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2016 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 1404-7 | pmid=27031010 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27031010 }} </ref> | Prior to the introduction of [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine,<ref name=Sch2015>{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> H. influenza was the common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic [[Streptococcus|Streptococci]] is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.<ref name="pmid27031010">{{cite journal| author=Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED| title=Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2016 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 1404-7 | pmid=27031010 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27031010 }} </ref> | ||
===Life-Threatening Causes=== | ===Life-Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. [[Epiglottitis]] is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.<ref name="pmid26614243">{{cite journal| author=Richards AM| title=Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2016 | volume= 34 | issue= 1 | pages= 77-96 | pmid=26614243 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26614243 }} </ref> | Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. [[Epiglottitis]] is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.<ref name="pmid26614243">{{cite journal| author=Richards AM| title=Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2016 | volume= 34 | issue= 1 | pages= 77-96 | pmid=26614243 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26614243 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 22:08, 9 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alonso Alvarado, M.D. [2]; Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3] Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [4]
Overview
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine, H. influenza was the most common culprit of epiglottitis. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic Streptococci is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.[1] Other pathogens such as escherichia coli, candida albicans, or kingella kingae may be encountered in immunocompromised hosts. Occasionally, noninfectious causes examples trauma from foreign objects inhalation and chemical burns have been found to cause epiglottitis.
Causes
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine,[2] H. influenza was the common culprit of epiglottitis. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic Streptococci is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.[1]
Life-Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.[3]
Common Causes
Common causes of epiglottitis include:[4][1]
- Beta-hemolytic streptococci
- Haemophilus influenzae serotype B infection
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Less common causes
Less common causes of epiglottitis include:
- Noninfectious causes examples include:
- Trauma from foreign objects inhalation
- Chemical burns
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED (2016). "Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away". Anesthesiology. 124 (6): 1404–7. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125. PMID 27031010.
- ↑ Schlossberg, David (2015). Clinical infectious disease (Second ed.). p. 202. ISBN 9781107038912.
- ↑ Richards AM (2016). "Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 34 (1): 77–96. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.08.006. PMID 26614243.
- ↑ Trollfors B, Nylén O, Strangert K (1990). "Acute epiglottitis in children and adults in Sweden 1981-3". Arch Dis Child. 65 (5): 491–4. PMC 1792127. PMID 2357085.