Epiglottitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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====Acute epiglottitis==== | ====Acute epiglottitis==== | ||
Understading the pathogenesis of epiglottitis involves a good knowlegde | Understading the pathogenesis of [[epiglottitis]] involves a good knowlegde of the causative organisms. | ||
The only known reservoirs for H. influenzae in humans include: | The only known reservoirs for [[H. influenzae]] in humans include: | ||
respiratory tract | [[respiratory]] tract | ||
conjunctival and | [[conjunctival]] and | ||
genital surfaces. | genital surfaces. | ||
Healthy people are normal carriers of the organism. Pathogenicity of H. influenza is as a result of imbalance between the virulent factors of the organism and the host defense system. | Healthy people are normal carriers of the organism. [[Pathogenicity]] of H. [[influenza]] is as a result of imbalance between the [[virulent]] factors of the organism and the host defense system. | ||
The strategies deployed by a microbe to assist its survival and proliferation, may or may not lead to disease process. Epiglottitis caused by H. influenza may therefore be considered as an accidental consequence of the microbial factors that permit its survival. | The strategies deployed by a microbe to assist its survival and proliferation, may or may not lead to disease process. Epiglottitis caused by [[H. influenzae|H. influenza]] may therefore be considered as an accidental consequence of the microbial factors that permit its survival. | ||
Acute epiglottis pathogenesis is well exemplified by H. influenzae, with the ability to colonize mucosal surfaces and to spread contiguously or invade epithelial cells, to disseminate within the bloodstream, and to localize to selected tissues among these is the epiglottis. The H. influenza like other infectious agents cause epiglottis mostly via invasion of the bloodstream by the help of its virulence factors. These include: | Acute epiglottis pathogenesis is well exemplified by [[H. influenzae type B|H. influenza]]<nowiki/>e, with the ability to colonize mucosal surfaces and to spread contiguously or invade epithelial cells, to disseminate within the bloodstream, and to localize to selected tissues among these is the epiglottis. The [[H. influenzae|H. influenza]] like other infectious agents cause epiglottis mostly via invasion of the bloodstream by the help of its [[virulence factors]]. These include: | ||
*Capsular polysaccharide | *Capsular [[Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria|polysaccharide]] | ||
*Lipopolysaccharide | *[[Lipopolysaccharide]] | ||
*Outer-membrane proteins | *Outer-membrane proteins | ||
*Pilus proteins | *[[Pilus]] proteins | ||
* | *IgA proteases | ||
*Histamine | *[[Histamine]] | ||
*Factors affecting cilial | *Factors affecting cilial | ||
====Necrotizing epiglotitis==== | ====Necrotizing epiglotitis==== | ||
The pathogeneiis of necrotizing epiglottitis involves the infection with CMV or EBV usually in immunocompromised people. Affected patients are usually neutropenic and lymphopenic at presentation. CMV and EBV modulate the host's immune defense facilitating immune evasion and thereby predisposing the patient to a superimposed infections. | The pathogeneiis of [[necrotizing]] epiglottitis involves the infection with [[Cytomegalovirus|CMV]] or [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] usually in [[immunocompromised]] people. Affected patients are usually [[neutropenic]] and lymphopenic at presentation. [[Cytomegalovirus|CMV]] and [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] modulate the host's immune defense facilitating immune evasion and thereby predisposing the patient to a superimposed infections. | ||
The causative organism of necrotizing epiglottitis is unclear.<ref name="pmid19106777">{{cite journal| author=Tebruegge M, Connell T, Kong K, Marks M, Curtis N| title=Necrotizing epiglottitis in an infant: an unusual first presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 2 | pages= 164-6 | pmid=19106777 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e318187a869 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19106777 }} </ref> | The causative organism of [[necrotizing]] epiglottitis is unclear.<ref name="pmid19106777">{{cite journal| author=Tebruegge M, Connell T, Kong K, Marks M, Curtis N| title=Necrotizing epiglottitis in an infant: an unusual first presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 2 | pages= 164-6 | pmid=19106777 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e318187a869 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19106777 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 15:22, 11 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Acute epiglottitis
Understading the pathogenesis of epiglottitis involves a good knowlegde of the causative organisms. The only known reservoirs for H. influenzae in humans include: respiratory tract conjunctival and genital surfaces.
Healthy people are normal carriers of the organism. Pathogenicity of H. influenza is as a result of imbalance between the virulent factors of the organism and the host defense system.
The strategies deployed by a microbe to assist its survival and proliferation, may or may not lead to disease process. Epiglottitis caused by H. influenza may therefore be considered as an accidental consequence of the microbial factors that permit its survival.
Acute epiglottis pathogenesis is well exemplified by H. influenzae, with the ability to colonize mucosal surfaces and to spread contiguously or invade epithelial cells, to disseminate within the bloodstream, and to localize to selected tissues among these is the epiglottis. The H. influenza like other infectious agents cause epiglottis mostly via invasion of the bloodstream by the help of its virulence factors. These include:
- Capsular polysaccharide
- Lipopolysaccharide
- Outer-membrane proteins
- Pilus proteins
- IgA proteases
- Histamine
- Factors affecting cilial
Necrotizing epiglotitis
The pathogeneiis of necrotizing epiglottitis involves the infection with CMV or EBV usually in immunocompromised people. Affected patients are usually neutropenic and lymphopenic at presentation. CMV and EBV modulate the host's immune defense facilitating immune evasion and thereby predisposing the patient to a superimposed infections. The causative organism of necrotizing epiglottitis is unclear.[1]
References
- ↑ Tebruegge M, Connell T, Kong K, Marks M, Curtis N (2009). "Necrotizing epiglottitis in an infant: an unusual first presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (2): 164–6. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e318187a869. PMID 19106777.