Bacterial meningitis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Bacterial meningitis may be classified according to the age group, causative agent, severity, and duration of disease.<ref name="pmid8750806">{{cite journal| author=Lieb G, Krauss J, Collmann H, Schrod L, Sörensen N| title=Recurrent bacterial meningitis. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 1996 | volume= 155 | issue= 1 | pages= 26-30 | pmid=8750806 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8750806 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15469610">{{cite journal| author=Boos C, Daneshvar C, Hinton A, Dawes M| title=An unusual case of chronic meningitis. | journal=BMC Fam Pract | year= 2004 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 21 | pmid=15469610 | doi=10.1186/1471-2296-5-21 | pmc=524513 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15469610 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25360204">{{cite journal| author=Baldwin KJ, Zunt JR| title=Evaluation and treatment of chronic meningitis. | journal=Neurohospitalist | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 185-95 | pmid=25360204 | doi=10.1177/1941874414528940 | pmc=4212414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25360204 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18406976">{{cite journal| author=Mace SE| title=Acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 281-317, viii | pmid=18406976 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2008.02.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18406976 }} </ref> | Bacterial meningitis may be classified according to the age group, causative agent, severity, and duration of disease.<ref name="pmid8750806">{{cite journal| author=Lieb G, Krauss J, Collmann H, Schrod L, Sörensen N| title=Recurrent bacterial meningitis. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 1996 | volume= 155 | issue= 1 | pages= 26-30 | pmid=8750806 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8750806 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15469610">{{cite journal| author=Boos C, Daneshvar C, Hinton A, Dawes M| title=An unusual case of chronic meningitis. | journal=BMC Fam Pract | year= 2004 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 21 | pmid=15469610 | doi=10.1186/1471-2296-5-21 | pmc=524513 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15469610 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25360204">{{cite journal| author=Baldwin KJ, Zunt JR| title=Evaluation and treatment of chronic meningitis. | journal=Neurohospitalist | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 185-95 | pmid=25360204 | doi=10.1177/1941874414528940 | pmc=4212414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25360204 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18406976">{{cite journal| author=Mace SE| title=Acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 281-317, viii | pmid=18406976 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2008.02.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18406976 }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid21612470">{{cite journal| author=Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL et al.| title=Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 21 | pages= 2016-25 | pmid=21612470 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1005384 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21612470 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref> | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | ||
| colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''According to age group'''}} | | colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''According to age group'''}} | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 350px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| '''Clinical features'''}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 350px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| '''Clinical features'''}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | Neonates and infants | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | Neonates and infants<ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
*Group B streptococcus | *Group B streptococcus | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Adults | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Adults<ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
*Streptococcus pneumoniae | *Streptococcus pneumoniae | ||
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* Bradycardia | * Bradycardia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Elderly | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Elderly<ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819 }} </ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
*Streptococcus pneumoniae | *Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Revision as of 18:24, 11 January 2017
Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Classification
Bacterial meningitis may be classified according to the age group, causative agent, severity, and duration of disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][4]
According to age group | |||
Age group | Etiological agent | Clinical features | |
---|---|---|---|
Neonates and infants[6][4] |
|
|
|
Adults[6][4] |
|
| |
Elderly[6][4] |
|
| |
According to severity of the disease | |||
Mild |
| ||
Moderate |
| ||
Severe |
| ||
According to the duration of disease | |||
Acute[4][5] |
| ||
Chronic [2][3] |
| ||
Recurrent[1][8] |
|
According to age group
Etiological agent and clinical presentation differs in infants and adults:
====Meningitis in infants and newborns====
Etiological agent
- Group B streptococcus
- E coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis in adults
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitides
- Hemophilus influenza type b
- Listeria monocytogenes
According to causative agent
According to severity
Mild
Moderate
Severe or fatal
According to duration of disease
Acute
- Lasts < 4 weeks
Subacute
Chronic
- Lasts > 4weeks
Recurrent
- Multiple episodes < 4 weeks
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lieb G, Krauss J, Collmann H, Schrod L, Sörensen N (1996). "Recurrent bacterial meningitis". Eur J Pediatr. 155 (1): 26–30. PMID 8750806.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Boos C, Daneshvar C, Hinton A, Dawes M (2004). "An unusual case of chronic meningitis". BMC Fam Pract. 5: 21. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-5-21. PMC 524513. PMID 15469610.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Baldwin KJ, Zunt JR (2014). "Evaluation and treatment of chronic meningitis". Neurohospitalist. 4 (4): 185–95. doi:10.1177/1941874414528940. PMC 4212414. PMID 25360204.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2010). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3): 467–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00070-09. PMC 2901656. PMID 20610819.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mace SE (2008). "Acute bacterial meningitis". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 26 (2): 281–317, viii. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2008.02.002. PMID 18406976.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017
- ↑ Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL; et al. (2011). "Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007". N Engl J Med. 364 (21): 2016–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1005384. PMID 21612470.
- ↑ Wang HS, Kuo MF, Huang SC (2005). "Diagnostic approach to recurrent bacterial meningitis in children". Chang Gung Med J. 28 (7): 441–52. PMID 16231527.