Brucellosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} {{DL}}{{VD}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} {{DL}} {{VD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings. | Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vital Signs | |Vital Signs | ||
|[[Pulse rate]]-Normal/[[Tachycardia]] with regular rhythm, normal volume | |[[Pulse rate]]-Normal/[[Tachycardia]] with regular [[rhythm]], normal volume | ||
[[Temperature]]- Normal or elevated | [[Temperature]]- Normal or elevated | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HEENT | |HEENT | ||
|Eye examination is usually normal but signs of [[Uveitis]] may be | |Eye examination is usually normal but signs of [[Uveitis]] may be present in few patients | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Neck | |Neck | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
|[[Abdomen]] | |[[Abdomen]] | ||
|Abdominal examination may elicit: | |Abdominal examination may elicit: | ||
*Tenderness | *[[Tenderness]] | ||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] | *[[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Genitourinary]] | |[[Genitourinary]] | ||
|Genitourinary examination may reveal: | |[[Genitourinary]] examination may reveal: | ||
*Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | *Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
*Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | *Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | ||
**May be present in [[epididymitis]] | **May be present in [[epididymitis]] | ||
*Swollen testicle or testicles | *Swollen [[testicle]] or testicles | ||
**May be present in [[orchitis]] | **May be present in [[orchitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Extremities]] | |[[Extremities]] | ||
| | | | ||
*Examination of Knee, hips, ankles and wrists may reveal: | *Examination of [[Knee]], [[hips]], [[Ankle|ankles]] and [[Wrist|wrists]] may reveal: | ||
**Fluid around a joint | **Fluid around a joint | ||
**Warm, red, tender joints | **Warm, red, tender joints | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Neuromuscular]] | |[[Neuromuscular]] | ||
|Meningial signs of irritation [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]], and [[Brudzinski's sign]] can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement([[meningitis]] or [[meningoencephalitis]]). | | | ||
Signs of neuropathies involving individual pheripheral nerve or cranial nerve can be ilicited | * Meningial signs of irritation [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]], and [[Brudzinski's sign]] can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement([[meningitis]] or [[meningoencephalitis]]). | ||
* Signs of neuropathies involving individual pheripheral nerve or cranial nerve can be ilicited | |||
|} | |} | ||
* | * | ||
Revision as of 18:43, 11 January 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings.
Physical Examination
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings, which include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
| Examination findings | Brucellosis |
|---|---|
| Appearance of patient | Patients are usually well-appearing |
| Vital Signs | Pulse rate-Normal/Tachycardia with regular rhythm, normal volume
Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate-Normal/tachypnea(pneumonia/lung involvement) Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation(lung involvement). Blood glucoselevel- normal |
| Skin | Skin examination may be normal or reveal the following:
|
| HEENT | Eye examination is usually normal but signs of Uveitis may be present in few patients |
| Neck | Neck examination is usually normal but cervical lymphadenopathy may be present in few patients |
| Lungs | Brucellosis involving lung, may reveal multiple findings depending on the kind of involvement(it could be pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion or empyema or combination of these). Based on the involvement, lung examination may reveal:
|
| Heart | Heart examination may reveal murmurs on ascultation(endocarditis) |
| Abdomen | Abdominal examination may elicit: |
| Back | Back examination is usually normal |
| Genitourinary | Genitourinary examination may reveal:
|
| Extremities |
|
| Neuromuscular |
|
Reference
- ↑ Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, Martos F, et al. Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1996; 75:195.
- ↑ Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS. Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:188.
- ↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E. Brucellosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:2325.
- ↑ Doganay M, Aygen B. Human brucellosis: An overview. Int J Infect Dis 2003; 7:173.
- ↑ Young EJ. Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 1995; 15:115.
- ↑ Aygen B, Doganay M, Sumerkan B, et al. Clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 480 patients. Med Malad Infect 2002; 32:485.
- ↑ Geyik MF, Gür A, Nas K, et al. Musculoskeletal involvement of brucellosis in different age groups: a study of 195 cases. Swiss Med Wkly 2002; 132:98.
- ↑ Mousa AM, Bahar RH, Araj GF, et al. Neurological complications of brucella spondylitis. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 81:16.
- ↑ Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, et al. Brucellosis and the respiratory system. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:e95.
- ↑ Herrick JA, Lederman RJ, Sullivan B, et al. Brucella arteritis: clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:520.
|
Brucellosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Brucellosis physical examination On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucellosis physical examination |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucellosis physical examination |