Bacterial meningitis historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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==Historical perspective==
==Historical perspective==
 
The major advancements in the history of bacterial meningitis may be summarized as follows:<ref name="pmid19892131">{{cite journal| author=Tyler KL| title=Chapter 28: a history of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2010 | volume= 95 | issue=  | pages= 417-33 | pmid=19892131 | doi=10.1016/S0072-9752(08)02128-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19892131  }} </ref>
Meningitis may have been described in the Middle Ages, but it was first accurately identified by the Swiss Vieusseux (a scientific-literary association) during an outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland in 1805.
*Meningitis may have been described in the Middle Ages, but it was first accurately identified by the Swiss Vieusseux (a scientific-literary association) during an outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland in 1805.
 
*In 1661, Thomas Willis first described the inflammation of meninges and an epidemic of meningitis.
In the 19th century, meningitis was a scourge of the Japanese imperial family, playing the largest role in the horrendous pre-maturity death rate the family endured. In the mid-1800s, only the Emperor Kōmei and two of his siblings reached maturity out of fifteen total children surviving birth. Kōmei's son, the Emperor Meiji, was one of two survivors out of Kōmei's six children, including an elder brother of Meiji who would have taken the throne had he lived to maturity.  Five of Meiji's 15 children survived, including only his third son, Emperor Taishō, who was [[feeble-minded]], perhaps as a result of having contracted meningitis himself. By Emperor Hirohito's generation the family was receiving modern medical attention. As the focal point of tradition in Japan, during the Tokugawa Shogunate the family was denied modern "Dutch" medical treatment then in use among the upper caste; despite extensive modernization during the Meiji Restoration the Emperor insisted on traditional medical care for his children.
*In the 17th century, Robert Whytt provided a detailed explanation of tuberculous meningitis and its stages. This was further elaborated by John Cheyne in the same century.
*Meningococcal meningitis was than described by Gaspard Vieusseux, Andre Matthey in Geneva and Elisa North in Massachussetes
In 1891, Heinrich Quincke provided an early analysis of CSf by introducing a new technique of lumbar puncture.
*In early 19th century, detailed profile of CSF analysis in meningitis was explained by William Mestrezat, and H. Houston Merritt.
*In the late nineteenth century, causative organisms for bacterial meningitis was identified which includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae
*Advancements regarding the treatment of bacterial meningitis was given by Georg Joachmann in Germany and Simon Flexnor in USA in 18th and 19th century respectively
*Francois Schwentker introduced the use of sulfonamides for the treatment of meningitis in the 20th century
*Penicillin use was introduced by Chester Keefer in the 20th century
*In the 20th century, another remarkable achievement was attained by introduction of vaccine agianst N. meningitides and H. Influenza


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:55, 11 January 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Historical perspective

The major advancements in the history of bacterial meningitis may be summarized as follows:[1]

  • Meningitis may have been described in the Middle Ages, but it was first accurately identified by the Swiss Vieusseux (a scientific-literary association) during an outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland in 1805.
  • In 1661, Thomas Willis first described the inflammation of meninges and an epidemic of meningitis.
  • In the 17th century, Robert Whytt provided a detailed explanation of tuberculous meningitis and its stages. This was further elaborated by John Cheyne in the same century.
  • Meningococcal meningitis was than described by Gaspard Vieusseux, Andre Matthey in Geneva and Elisa North in Massachussetes

In 1891, Heinrich Quincke provided an early analysis of CSf by introducing a new technique of lumbar puncture.

  • In early 19th century, detailed profile of CSF analysis in meningitis was explained by William Mestrezat, and H. Houston Merritt.
  • In the late nineteenth century, causative organisms for bacterial meningitis was identified which includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae
  • Advancements regarding the treatment of bacterial meningitis was given by Georg Joachmann in Germany and Simon Flexnor in USA in 18th and 19th century respectively
  • Francois Schwentker introduced the use of sulfonamides for the treatment of meningitis in the 20th century
  • Penicillin use was introduced by Chester Keefer in the 20th century
  • In the 20th century, another remarkable achievement was attained by introduction of vaccine agianst N. meningitides and H. Influenza

References

  1. Tyler KL (2010). "Chapter 28: a history of bacterial meningitis". Handb Clin Neurol. 95: 417–33. doi:10.1016/S0072-9752(08)02128-3. PMID 19892131.


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