Septic arthritis risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Line 58: Line 58:
!Rheumatoid arthritis
!Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
* Staphylococcus aureus<ref name="pmid9449882">Goldenberg DL (1998) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9449882 Septic arthritis.] ''Lancet'' 351 (9097):197-202. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09522-6 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09522-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/9449882 9449882]</ref>
* Staphylococcus aureus<ref name="pmid9449882">Goldenberg DL (1998) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9449882 Septic arthritis.] ''Lancet'' 351 (9097):197-202. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09522-6 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09522-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/9449882 9449882]</ref><ref name="pmid19665261">Frazee BW, Fee C, Lambert L (2009) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19665261 How common is MRSA in adult septic arthritis?] ''Ann Emerg Med'' 54 (5):695-700. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.511 DOI:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.511] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/19665261 19665261]</ref><ref name="pmid3883171">Goldenberg DL, Reed JI (1985) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3883171 Bacterial arthritis.] ''N Engl J Med'' 312 (12):764-71. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198503213121206 DOI:10.1056/NEJM198503213121206] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/3883171 3883171]</ref><ref name="pmid18525361">Mathews CJ, Coakley G (2008) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18525361 Septic arthritis: current diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.] ''Curr Opin Rheumatol'' 20 (4):457-62. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283036975 DOI:10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283036975] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/18525361 18525361]</ref>
|-
|-
!Immunocompromised patients
!Immunocompromised patients

Revision as of 20:33, 12 January 2017

Septic arthritis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Septic Arthritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Septic arthritis risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Septic arthritis risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Septic arthritis risk factors

CDC on Septic arthritis risk factors

Septic arthritis risk factors in the news

Blogs on Septic arthritis risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Septic arthritis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Septic arthritis risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Most common risk factors that predisposes septic arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis, prosthetic joint or joint replacement and skin infections.[1][2][3][4]

Other common risk factors that predispose septic arthritis are as follows:[5][4][6][7][8]

Type of risk factor Examples
Host phagocytic defects
  • Complement deficiencies especially C7 and C8
  • Inherited disorders of chemotaxis
Impaired host defense mechanisms
  • Age >80 years[9]
  • Cancer
  • Immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. azathioprine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide)
  • Glucocorticosteroids
Direct penetration
  • Intravenous drug use
  • Puncture wonds
  • Intra articular steroid injection
Joint damage
  • Prosthetic joint surgery
  • Degenerative joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis ( Prosthetic joint > Rheumatoid arthritis > Osteoarthritis)[4]
Other risk factors
  • Recent history of bacteremia
  • Cirrhosis
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Hypogammaglobulinemia
  • Systemic lupus erythematosis
  • Gout
  • Psuedo gout[10]
  • Charcot's arthropathy[11]

Micrbiological Clue Based on Risk factors

Type of risk factor Examples
Rheumatoid arthritis
Immunocompromised patients
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococci
  • Enteric gram-negative bacilli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
Recent joint surgery
  • Staphylococcus aureus
Intravenous drug use
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diabetes mellitus
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
Sexually active young adults

Menstruating females

  • Neisseria gonorrhea
Animal bite (e.g.Cat or dog)
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Capnocytophaga spp
  • Anaerobes
Human bite
  • Eikenella corrodens
  • Viridans streptococci
  •  Anaerobes
Rat bite
  • Streptobacillus moniliformis
Neonates and children age < 4 years
  • Kingella kingae
  • Gram-negative bacilli
Unvaccinated children
  • Haemophilus influenza
Ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products
  • Brucella spp


The following conditions increase the risk for septic arthritis:

Septic arthritis may be seen at any age. In children, it occurs most often in those younger than 3 years. The hip is often the site of infection in infants. Septic arthritis is uncommon from age 3 to adolescence. Children with septic arthritis are more likely than adults to be infected with Group B streptococcus or Haemophilus influenza, if they have not been vaccinated.

References

  1. ↑ Esterhai JL, Gelb I (1991) Adult septic arthritis. Orthop Clin North Am 22 (3):503-14. PMID: 1852426
  2. ↑ Dubost JJ, Fis I, Soubrier M, Lopitaux R, Ristori JM, Bussière JL et al. (1994) [Septic arthritis in rheumatoid polyarthritis. 24 cases and review of the literature.] Rev Rhum Ed Fr 61 (3):153-65. PMID: 7920511
  3. ↑ Gristina AG, Giridhar G, Gabriel BL, Naylor PT, Myrvik QN (1993) Cell biology and molecular mechanisms in artificial device infections. Int J Artif Organs 16 (11):755-63. PMID: 8150521
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, Habbema JD, van de Laar MA (1995) Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 38 (12):1819-25. PMID: 8849354
  5. ↑ Dickie AS (1986) Current concepts in the management of infections in bones and joints. Drugs 32 (5):458-75. PMID: 3792229
  6. ↑ Morgan DS, Fisher D, Merianos A, Currie BJ (1996) An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia. Epidemiol Infect 117 (3):423-8. PMID: 8972665
  7. ↑ Rozadilla A, Nolla JM, Mateo L, del Blanco J, Valverde J, Roig D (1992) [Septic arthritis induced by pyogenic germs in patients without parenteral drug addiction. Analysis of 44 cases.] Med Clin (Barc) 98 (14):527-30. PMID: 1602850
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Goldenberg DL, Reed JI (1985) Bacterial arthritis. N Engl J Med 312 (12):764-71. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198503213121206 PMID: 3883171
  9. ↑ Lagaay AM, van Asperen IA, Hijmans W (1992) The prevalence of morbidity in the oldest old, aged 85 and over: a population-based survey in Leiden, The Netherlands. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 15 (2):115-31. PMID: 15374369
  10. ↑ Lurie DP, Musil G (1983) Staphylococcal septic arthritis presenting as acute flare of pseudogout: clinical, pathological and arthroscopic findings with a review of the literature. J Rheumatol 10 (3):503-6. PMID: 6887177
  11. ↑ Rubinow A, Spark EC, Canoso JJ (1980) Septic arthritis in a Charcot joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res (147):203-6. PMID: 6989540
  12. ↑ Goldenberg DL (1998) Septic arthritis. Lancet 351 (9097):197-202. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09522-6 PMID: 9449882
  13. ↑ Frazee BW, Fee C, Lambert L (2009) How common is MRSA in adult septic arthritis? Ann Emerg Med 54 (5):695-700. DOI:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.511 PMID: 19665261
  14. ↑ Mathews CJ, Coakley G (2008) Septic arthritis: current diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Curr Opin Rheumatol 20 (4):457-62. DOI:10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283036975 PMID: 18525361


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Septic_arthritis_risk_factors&oldid=1282654"