Cystitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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*Sexual intercourse (introduction of bacteria in the urethra) | *Sexual intercourse (introduction of bacteria in the urethra) | ||
*Female Gender (shorter urethra) | *Female Gender (shorter urethra) | ||
* | *Use of a diaphragm with spermicide | ||
* | *Post menopausal status (low oestrogen so loss of protective vaginal flora) | ||
*Homosexual men | *Homosexual men | ||
*Genetic predisposition/ Family History | *Genetic predisposition/ Family History | ||
*Lack of circumcision | |||
*Decreased distance of the urethra from the anus | *Decreased distance of the urethra from the anus | ||
*Old age | |||
*[[Immobility]] | |||
===Foods increasing risk of Cystitis=== | ===Foods increasing risk of Cystitis=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include diabetes, pregnancy, catheterization, bowel incontinence, old age, and immobility.[1]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Conditions
- Any blockage of the bladder or urethra
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Bowel incontinence
- Pregnancy
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Urinary retention
- HIV
- Toxoplasmosis
Medications and Procedures
- Antimicrobial drugs
- Oestrogen use
- Catheterization
- Procedures that involve the urinary tract
General Risk Factors
- Sexual intercourse (introduction of bacteria in the urethra)
- Female Gender (shorter urethra)
- Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
- Post menopausal status (low oestrogen so loss of protective vaginal flora)
- Homosexual men
- Genetic predisposition/ Family History
- Lack of circumcision
- Decreased distance of the urethra from the anus
- Old age
- Immobility
Foods increasing risk of Cystitis
The following foods are thought to have a role in increasing the risk of Cystitis.[11]
- Spicy foods
- Citrus Fruit
- Carbonated and Alcoholic drinks
- Coffee or tea
- Vitamin C
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B (1986). "Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection". Am J Epidemiol. 124 (6): 977–85. PMID 3776980.
- ↑ Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016
- ↑ Hooton TM (2000). "Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update". J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 Suppl A: 1–7. PMID 10969044.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol Clin North Am. 35 (1): 1–12, v. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004. PMID 18061019.
- ↑ Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ (2011). "Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study". J Int Med Res. 39 (6): 2335–43. PMID 22289552.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2001). "A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection". Drugs Aging. 18 (4): 243–54. PMID 11341472.
- ↑ Franco AV (2005). "Recurrent urinary tract infections". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 19 (6): 861–73. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003. PMID 16298166.
- ↑ Scholes D, Hawn TR, Roberts PL, Li SS, Stapleton AE, Zhao LP; et al. (2010). "Family history and risk of recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis in women". J Urol. 184 (2): 564–9. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.139. PMC 3665335. PMID 20639019.
- ↑ Ples R, Méchaï F, Champiat B, Droupy S, Huerre M, Guettier C; et al. (2011). "[Pseudotumoral toxoplasmic cystitis revealing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]". Ann Pathol. 31 (1): 46–9. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2010.11.001. PMID 21349389.
- ↑ Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB; et al. (2016). "Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement". J Bras Nefrol. 38 (4): 478–482. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20160077. PMID 28001179.
- ↑ Friedlander JI, Shorter B, Moldwin RM (2012). "Diet and its role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and comorbid conditions". BJU Int. 109 (11): 1584–91. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10860.x. PMID 22233286.