Rhinitis causes: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan="3" |'''Classification of Rhinitis'''<ref name="pmidPMID:18662584" /><ref name="pmidPMID: 24007929">{{cite journal| author=Sacre-Hazouri JA| title=[Chronic rhinosinusitis in children]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2012 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-24 | pmid=PMID: 24007929 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24007929  }} </ref><ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses">{{cite book |last1=Romeo |first1=Jonathan |last2=Dykewicz |first2=Mark |title=Diseases of the Sinuses |publisher=Springer New York |date=2014 |pages=133-152 |chapter=Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis |isbn=978-1-4939-0265-1}}</ref><ref name="pmid18331513" />
! colspan="2" |'''Causes of Rhinitis'''<ref name="pmidPMID:18662584" /><ref name="pmidPMID: 24007929">{{cite journal| author=Sacre-Hazouri JA| title=[Chronic rhinosinusitis in children]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2012 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-24 | pmid=PMID: 24007929 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24007929  }} </ref><ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses">{{cite book |last1=Romeo |first1=Jonathan |last2=Dykewicz |first2=Mark |title=Diseases of the Sinuses |publisher=Springer New York |date=2014 |pages=133-152 |chapter=Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis |isbn=978-1-4939-0265-1}}</ref><ref name="pmid18331513" />
|-
|-
!Class
!Class
! colspan="2" |Types/causes
!
|-
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Allergic rhinitis'''
| rowspan="5" |'''Allergic rhinitis'''
| rowspan="3" |''US Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters(JTF) classification of allergic rhinitis''
| rowspan="5" |Indoor and outdoor airborne substances such as:
|Seasonal ([[hay fever]])
* Pollens
* Molds
* Dust mite fetal particles
* Coakroach residues
* Animal danders
|-
|-
|Perennial
 
|-
|-
|Episodic
 
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma(ARIA) classification of allergic rhinitis''
 
|Intermittent
|-
|-
|Persistent
 
|-
|-
| rowspan="9" |'''Nonallergic rhinitis'''
| rowspan="9" |'''Nonallergic rhinitis'''
| rowspan="5" |Vasomotor rhinitis
| rowspan="5" |Vasomotor rhinitis
|Irritant triggered
* Irritant triggered. e.g chlorine
* Cold air/Dry air
* Exercise
* Emotional
* Undetermined or poorly defined triggers
* Trauma
 
|-
|-
|Cold air/Dry air
 
|-
|-
|Exercise
 
|-
|-
|Emotional
 
|-
|-
|Undetermined or poorly defined triggers
 
|-
|-
|Gustatory rhinitis
|Gustatory rhinitis- Triggered by solid/liquid food such as
|
* Hot food
* Spicy food
* Alcohol
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Infectious(viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic)
| rowspan="3" |Infectious
|Acute
* Viruses - commonly adenoviruses
* Bacteria
* Fungi
* Parasites
|-
|-
|Chronic
 
|-
|-
|NARES
 
(Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome)
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Occupational rhinitis'''
|'''Occupational rhinitis'''
|IgE-mediated
|Caused by protein and chemical allergens, chemical respiratory sensitizers, or unknown mechanisms
(caused by protein and chemical allergens)
* Pesticides
| rowspan="3" |
* Chemicals such as chromium vapors,
|-
|Immune mechanism uncertain
(caused by chemical respiratory sensitizers)
|-
|Work-exacerbated/work-aggravated rhinitis
(occurs in nonoccupational settings but it is aggravated by work exposure)
|-
|-
| rowspan="17" |'''Other rhinitis syndromes'''
| rowspan="17" |'''Other rhinitis syndromes'''
| rowspan="2" |Hormonally induced
| rowspan="2" |Hormonally induced
|Gestational
* Gestational/Pregnancy-induced
* Menstrual cycle related
|-
|-
|Menstrual cycle related
 
|-
|-
| rowspan="5" |Drug-induced
| rowspan="5" |Drug-induced
|Rhinitis medicamentosa  
* Rhinitis medicamentosa
# Nasal sprays such as such as α-adrenergic decongestants
# Intranasal cocaine and methamphetamine
* Oral contraceptives
* Antihypertensives and cardiovascular agents such as ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Phentolamine
* Aspirin/NSAIDs
* Other medications such as phosphodiesterase-5 selective inhibitors
|-
|-
|Oral contraceptives
 
|-
|-
|Antihypertensives and cardiovascular agents
 
|-
|-
|Aspirin/NSAIDs
 
|-
|-
|Other drugs such as phosphodiesterase-5 selective inhibitors
 
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Atrophic rhinitis
| rowspan="2" |Primary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
|Primary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
* Infection with organisms such as Klebsiella ozaenae
* Infection with organisms such as Klebsiella ozaenae
* Turbulent air flow
* Turbulent air flow
* Climate factors
* Climate factors
* Racial factors  
* Racial factors  
|-
 
|Secondary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
Secondary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
* Extensive surgery
* Extensive surgery
* Granulomatous diseases
* Granulomatous diseases
* Direct trauma
* Direct trauma
* Radiotherapy
* Radiotherapy
|-
|-
|-
| rowspan="8" |Rhinitis associated with inflammatory-immunologic disorders
| rowspan="8" |Rhinitis associated with inflammatory-immunologic disorders
|Granulomatous infections
* Granulomatous infections
* Wegener granulomatosis
* Sarcoidosis
* Sjogren's syndrome
* Midline granuloma
* Churg-Strauss syndrome
* Relapsing polychondritis
* Amyloidosis
|-
|-
|Wegener granulomatosis
 
|-
|-
|Sarcoidosis
 
|-
|-
|Sjogren's syndrome
 
|-
|-
|Midline granuloma
 
|-
|-
|Churg-Strauss
 
|-
|-
|Relapsing polychondritis
 
|-
|-
|Amyloidosis
 
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:03, 13 January 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Causes

Common Causes


Causes of Rhinitis[1][2][3][4]
Class
Allergic rhinitis Indoor and outdoor airborne substances such as:
  • Pollens
  • Molds
  • Dust mite fetal particles
  • Coakroach residues
  • Animal danders
Nonallergic rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis
  • Irritant triggered. e.g chlorine
  • Cold air/Dry air
  • Exercise
  • Emotional
  • Undetermined or poorly defined triggers
  • Trauma
Gustatory rhinitis- Triggered by solid/liquid food such as
  • Hot food
  • Spicy food
  • Alcohol
Infectious
  • Viruses - commonly adenoviruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
Occupational rhinitis Caused by protein and chemical allergens, chemical respiratory sensitizers, or unknown mechanisms
  • Pesticides
  • Chemicals such as chromium vapors,
Other rhinitis syndromes Hormonally induced
  • Gestational/Pregnancy-induced
  • Menstrual cycle related
Drug-induced
  • Rhinitis medicamentosa
  1. Nasal sprays such as such as α-adrenergic decongestants
  2. Intranasal cocaine and methamphetamine
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Antihypertensives and cardiovascular agents such as ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Phentolamine
  • Aspirin/NSAIDs
  • Other medications such as phosphodiesterase-5 selective inhibitors
Primary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:
  • Infection with organisms such as Klebsiella ozaenae
  • Turbulent air flow
  • Climate factors
  • Racial factors

Secondary atrophic rhinitis- causes include:

  • Extensive surgery
  • Granulomatous diseases
  • Direct trauma
  • Radiotherapy
Rhinitis associated with inflammatory-immunologic disorders
  • Granulomatous infections
  • Wegener granulomatosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Sjogren's syndrome
  • Midline granuloma
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome
  • Relapsing polychondritis
  • Amyloidosis


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Butorphanol, Cefpodoxime, Desmopressin, Dimercaprol, Dornase Alfa, Flunisolide, Flurbiprofen, Ivacaftor, Moxifloxacin ophthalmic, Nilutamide, Rifaximin, Rimexolone, Sertraline, Tamsulosin, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum, Thalidomide, Tizanidine, Topiramate
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ Sacre-Hazouri JA (2012). "[Chronic rhinosinusitis in children]". Rev Alerg Mex. 59 (1): 16–24. PMID 24007929 PMID: 24007929 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Romeo, Jonathan; Dykewicz, Mark (2014). "Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis". Diseases of the Sinuses. Springer New York. pp. 133–152. ISBN 978-1-4939-0265-1.
  4. ↑

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