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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VSKP}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VSKP}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| There are no specific EKG findings associated with pharyngitis, but the complications of pharyngitis may be associate cardiac rhythm abnormalities.
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| ==Electrocardiogram Findings== | | ==Electrocardiogram Findings== |
| ===Electrocardiogram Findings Associate with Rheumatic Heart Disease===
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| ECG changes depend on the structures involved and the extent of cardiac damage. The following ECG changes may be noted in patients with rheumatic fever:<ref name="pmid20294585">{{cite journal| author=SOKOLOW M| title=The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic fever. | journal=Calif Med | year= 1947 | volume= 66 | issue= 4 | pages= 221-6 | pmid=20294585 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
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| *Sinus [[tachycardia]] or [[bradycardia]] depending on vagal tone
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| *Prolongation of [[PR interval]]
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| *Variable degree of [[AV Conduction|AV conduction]] block
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| [[File:2to1AVBlock1.jpg|thumb|500px|left|2 to 1 AV block]]
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| *[[P mitrale]] secondary to [[mitral valve]] abnormalities
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| [[File:LAE 12lead.jpg|left|thumb|500px|P mitrale - Left atrial enlargement<ref> Image courtesy of ECGPedia (2015). http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Short_coupled_Torsades_de_Pointes Accessed on October 19, 2015. </ref>]]
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| *[[Mitral valve]] abnormalities which may lead to development of [[atrial flutter]] or [[atrial fibrillation]]
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| *[[T-wave]] inversions which may be noted in leads I, II and IV suggestive of [[pericardial]] involvement
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| *[[ST segment elevation]] may also be present in leads II, III, aVF and V<sub>4</sub> to V<sub>6</sub> in patients with acute [[pericarditis]]
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| ===Electrocardiogram Findings Associate With Diphtheria==
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| [[ECG]] in patients with [[diphtheria]] can be normal. However, in patients with [[diphtheria]] [[myocarditis]], a wide range of abnormalities related to conduction and rhythm may be seen. Some of the [[ECG]] findings in [[diphtheria]] [[myocarditis]] include:<ref name="pmid18103551">{{cite journal |vauthors=BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L |title=Diphtheritic myocarditis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=239 |issue=24 |pages=913–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18103551 |doi=10.1056/NEJM194812092392403 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14715320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG |title=Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=78–83 |year=2004 |pmid=14715320 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14069096">{{cite journal |vauthors=MORGAN BC |title=CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA |journal=Pediatrics |volume=32 |issue= |pages=549–57 |year=1963 |pmid=14069096 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| *Prolonged PR or QT intervals
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| *Alterations in the ST segment, which can be elevation or depression
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| *Alterations in the T wave
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| *[[Atrioventricular block]] (AV block)
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| *[[Bundle branch block]] (BBB)
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| *[[Hemiblock]]
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| *[[Sinus bradycardia]]
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| *[[Arrythmias]], such as [[supraventricular tachycardia]] (SVT) and [[ventricular tachycardia]] (VT)
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| ==Reference== | | ==Reference== |
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| [[Category:Inflammations]] | | [[Category:Inflammations]] |
| [[Category:Otolaryngology]] | | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |
| [[Category:Pulmonology]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |