Epiglottitis classification: Difference between revisions
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====Bacterial epiglottitis==== | ====Bacterial epiglottitis==== | ||
Prior to the introduction of [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine,<ref name="Sch20152">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> [[Haemophilus influenzae|H. influenza]] was the most common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic [[Streptococcus|Streptococci]] is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.<ref name="pmid27031010">{{cite journal| author=Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED| title=Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2016 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 1404-7 | pmid=27031010 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27031010 }} </ref> Other pathogens such as ''[[escherichia coli]]'', ''[[candida albicans]]'', or ''[[Kingella|kingella kingae]]'' may be encountered in immunocompromised hosts. Occasionally, noninfectious causes examples trauma from foreign objects inhalation and chemical burns have been found to cause [[epiglottitis]]. | |||
====Viral epiglottitis==== | ====Viral epiglottitis==== | ||
Revision as of 21:52, 16 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Classification
Epiglottitis may be classified according to the etiology, and disease duration as follows:
Infectious epiglottitis
Infectious epiglottitis is a soft tissue swelling of epiglottis,[1] and the surrounding structures example; plica aryepiglottica , arytenoids, sinus piriformis and vestibular folds usually caused by bacteria and occasionally viruses.[2] Infctious epiglottitis may be subclassified into:
Bacterial epiglottitis
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine,[3] H. influenza was the most common culprit of epiglottitis. In recent literature, group A [beta]-hemolytic Streptococci is more commonly observed to be the cause. The disease used to be mostly found in pediatric age group of 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.[4] Other pathogens such as escherichia coli, candida albicans, or kingella kingae may be encountered in immunocompromised hosts. Occasionally, noninfectious causes examples trauma from foreign objects inhalation and chemical burns have been found to cause epiglottitis.
Viral epiglottitis
Fungal epiglottitis
Fungi are rare cause of epiglottitis. Notably among them are aspergillus spp and candida albicans[5]
Noninfectious epiglottitis
This includes all other factors resulting in the development of epiglottitis aside pathogenic organism. These include trauma from foreign objects inhalation and chemical burns[5]
References
- ↑ Shah RK, Stocks C (2010). "Epiglottitis in the United States: national trends, variances, prognosis, and management". Laryngoscope. 120 (6): 1256–62. doi:10.1002/lary.20921. PMID 20513048.
- ↑ Ossoff RH, Wolff AP, Ballenger JJ (1980). "Acute epiglottitis in adults: experience with fifteen cases". Laryngoscope. 90 (7 Pt 1): 1155–61. PMID 6967138.
- ↑ Schlossberg, David (2015). Clinical infectious disease (Second ed.). p. 202. ISBN 9781107038912.
- ↑ Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED (2016). "Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away". Anesthesiology. 124 (6): 1404–7. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125. PMID 27031010.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Charles R, Fadden M, Brook J (2013). "Acute epiglottitis". BMJ. 347: f5235. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5235. PMID 24052580.