Pyelonephritis causes: Difference between revisions
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Urinary tract infections causing organisms are most common cause of pyelonephritis.<ref name="pmid12838910">{{cite journal| author=Bass PF, Jarvis JA, Mitchell CK| title=Urinary tract infections. | journal=Prim Care | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-61, v-vi | pmid=12838910 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12838910 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10584616">{{cite journal| author=Roberts JA| title=Management of pyelonephritis and upper urinary tract infections. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 753-63 | pmid=10584616 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10584616 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7752732">{{cite journal| author=Bergeron MG| title=Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 1995 | volume= 79 | issue= 3 | pages= 619-49 | pmid=7752732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7752732 }} </ref> | Urinary tract infections causing organisms are most common cause of pyelonephritis.<ref name="pmid12838910">{{cite journal| author=Bass PF, Jarvis JA, Mitchell CK| title=Urinary tract infections. | journal=Prim Care | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-61, v-vi | pmid=12838910 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12838910 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10584616">{{cite journal| author=Roberts JA| title=Management of pyelonephritis and upper urinary tract infections. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 753-63 | pmid=10584616 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10584616 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7752732">{{cite journal| author=Bergeron MG| title=Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 1995 | volume= 79 | issue= 3 | pages= 619-49 | pmid=7752732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7752732 }} </ref> | ||
* Most cases of "community-acquired" pyelonephritis are due to bowel organisms that enter the urinary tract. Common organisms are:<ref name="pmid15768623">{{cite journal| author=Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC| title=Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2005 | volume= 71 | issue= 5 | pages= 933-42 | pmid=15768623 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15768623 }} </ref> | * Most cases of "community-acquired" pyelonephritis are due to bowel organisms that enter the urinary tract. Common organisms are:<ref name="pmid15768623">{{cite journal| author=Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC| title=Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2005 | volume= 71 | issue= 5 | pages= 933-42 | pmid=15768623 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15768623 }} </ref> | ||
** [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] (70-80%) | ** [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] (70-80%) | ||
** [[Enterococcus faecalis]] | ** [[Enterococcus faecalis]] | ||
Revision as of 21:00, 24 January 2017
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Pyelonephritis Microchapters |
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Pyelonephritis causes On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Common causes of pyelonephritis include functional or anatomic abnormality of the urinary tract that lead to vesicoureteral reflux, and infections such as E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[1]
23917908
Causes
Common Causes
Urinary tract infections causing organisms are most common cause of pyelonephritis.[2][3][4]
- Most cases of "community-acquired" pyelonephritis are due to bowel organisms that enter the urinary tract. Common organisms are:[1]
- E. coli (70-80%)
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Hospital-acquired infections may be due to coliforms and enterococci, as well as other organisms uncommon in the community.[5]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Cyclophosphamide, Indinavir, Sirolimus, Spermicide use |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Diabetes mellitus |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Horseshoe kidney, Polycystic kidney disease, adult (autosomal dominant), Scalp ear nipple syndrome, Urinary tract malformation, Urofacial syndrome |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Ureterosigmoidostomy, Urethral catheterization, Vesicovaginal fistula |
| Infectious Disease | E. coli , Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Renal tuberculosis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Tiagabine |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Pregnancy |
| Oncologic | Abdominal or pelvic masses |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Fanconi disease, Horseshoe kidney, Medullary sponge kidney, Polycystic kidney disease, adult (autosomal dominant) |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Neurogenic bladder, Urethral stricture |
| Urologic | Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Cystitis, Nephrolithiasis, Neurogenic bladder, Prostatitis, Urethral stricture, Urinary tract malformation,Urinary tract obstruction, Vesico-uretero-renal reflux, congenital, Vesicovaginal fistula |
| Miscellaneous | Abdominal or pelvic masses |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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3References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC (2005). "Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults". Am Fam Physician. 71 (5): 933–42. PMID 15768623.
- ↑ Bass PF, Jarvis JA, Mitchell CK (2003). "Urinary tract infections". Prim Care. 30 (1): 41–61, v–vi. PMID 12838910.
- ↑ Roberts JA (1999). "Management of pyelonephritis and upper urinary tract infections". Urol Clin North Am. 26 (4): 753–63. PMID 10584616.
- ↑ Bergeron MG (1995). "Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults". Med Clin North Am. 79 (3): 619–49. PMID 7752732.
- ↑ Yeow Y, Chong YL (2016). "Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as Proteus preperitoneal abscess". J Surg Case Rep. 2016 (12). doi:10.1093/jscr/rjw211. PMC 5159021. PMID 27915241.