Secondary peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions
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| valign="top" | '''''Perforation of a hollow viscus''''' (most common cause of peritonitis) | | valign="top" | '''''Perforation of a hollow viscus''''' (most common cause of peritonitis) | ||
*Perforation of the [[Esophagus|distal esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]])<br /> | * Perforation of the [[Esophagus|distal esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]])<br /> | ||
*Perforation of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]])<br /> | * Perforation of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]])<br /> | ||
*Perforation of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]])<br /> | * Perforation of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]])<br /> | ||
*Perforations of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], [[Intestinal infarction]], [[Intestinal strangulation]], [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Meconium peritonitis]])<br /> | * Perforations of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], [[Intestinal infarction]], [[Intestinal strangulation]], [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Meconium peritonitis]])<br /> | ||
*Perforation of the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystitis]])<br /> | *Perforation of the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystitis]])<br /> | ||
'''Other possible causes for perforation''' | '''Other possible causes for perforation''' | ||
* [[Trauma]] <br /> | |||
*[[Trauma]] <br /> | * Ingestion of a sharp [[foreign body]] (such as a fish bone) <br /> | ||
*Ingestion of a sharp [[foreign body]] (such as a fish bone) <br /> | * Perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]] | ||
*Perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]] | |||
''' Most common organisms''' | ''' Most common organisms''' | ||
-mixed [[bacteria]] | -mixed [[bacteria]] | ||
*[[Gram-negative bacilli]] (e.g. [[Escherichia coli]]), [[Anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. [[Bacteroides fragilis]]) | *[[Gram-negative bacilli]] (e.g. [[Escherichia coli]]), [[Anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. [[Bacteroides fragilis]]) | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
*[[Trauma]]<br /> | * [[Trauma]]<br /> | ||
*[[Surgical wound]]<br /> | * [[Surgical wound]]<br /> | ||
*[[Peritoneal dialysis]]<br /> | * [[Peritoneal dialysis]]<br /> | ||
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br /> | * [[Chemotherapy]]<br /> | ||
''' Most common organisms''' | ''' Most common organisms''' | ||
* Mixed [[bacteria]] <br /> | |||
*Mixed [[bacteria]] <br /> | * [[Staphylococcus aureus]] <br /> | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]] <br /> | * [[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] <br /> | ||
*[[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] <br /> | * [[Fungi]] such as [[Candida]] | ||
*[[Fungi]] such as [[Candida]] | |valign=top| | ||
|'''''Sterile body fluids''''' such as | '''''Sterile body fluids''''' such as | ||
* [[Blood]](e.g.[[Endometriosis]], Blunt abdominal trauma), | * [[Blood]](e.g.[[Endometriosis]], Blunt abdominal trauma), | ||
* [[Gastric juice]] (e.g.[[Peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]]), | * [[Gastric juice]] (e.g.[[Peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]]), | ||
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These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. | These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. | ||
|Due to [[sterile]] [[foreign body]] inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. [[gauze]], [[sponge]]) | |Due to [[sterile]] [[foreign body]] inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. [[gauze]], [[sponge]]) | ||
| | |valign=top| | ||
* [[Familial Mediterranean fever]] | * [[Familial Mediterranean fever]] | ||
* [[Porphyria]] | * [[Porphyria]] | ||
Revision as of 23:39, 4 February 2017
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Secondary Peritonitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Secondary peritonitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Secondary peritonitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Secondary peritonitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Secondary peritonitis has numerous causes. Nonbacterial causes of peritonitis include leakage of blood into the peritoneal cavity due to rupture of a tubal pregnancy, ovarian cyst, or aneurysmal vessel.
Causes
Life-Threatening Causes
Common causes
Common causes of secondary peritonitis include:[1][2]
- Perforated PUD
- Appendicitis
- Diverticulitis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Post-surgical complications
Causes by Organ System
| Cause of Peforation | Most likely organism |
|---|---|
| Nonperforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Acute appendicitis |
|
| Loculated perforation of
gastric ulcer |
|
| Post operative
gastric ulcer perforation |
|
| Loculated perforation of
umbilical hernia |
|
| Colonic ulcer |
|
| Loculated perforation of
colonic polypectomy |
|
| Colonic ulcer |
|
| Infected
pancreaticpseudocyst |
|
| Postoperative
in general |
|
| Perforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Perforated gastric ulcer |
|
| Perforated duodenal ulcer |
|
| Perforated bowel |
|
| Perforated gallbladder |
|
Causes of Infected Secondary Peritonitis
| Infected Secondary Peritonitis | Non-infected Secondary Peritonitis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perforation of a hollow viscus organ | Disruption of the peritoneum | Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum | Sterile abdominal surgery | Rarer non-infectious causes |
Perforation of a hollow viscus (most common cause of peritonitis)
Other possible causes for perforation
Most common organisms -mixed bacteria |
Most common organisms |
Sterile body fluids such as
These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. |
Due to sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. gauze, sponge) | |
References
- ↑ Akriviadis EA, Runyon BA (1990). "Utility of an algorithm in differentiating spontaneous from secondary bacterial peritonitis". Gastroenterology. 98 (1): 127–33. PMID 2293571.
- ↑ Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O'Dair GN, Leaper DJ (2005). "Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD004539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004539.pub2. PMID 15846719.