Diphtheria risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of | Common risk factors in the development of diphtheria may include:<ref name="pmid10657203">{{cite journal| author=Quick ML, Sutter RW, Kobaidze K, Malakmadze N, Nakashidze R, Murvanidze S et al.| title=Risk factors for diphtheria: a prospective case-control study in the Republic of Georgia, 1995-1996. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2000 | volume= 181 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= S121-9 | pmid=10657203 | doi=10.1086/315563 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10657203 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9950440">{{cite journal| author=Vitek CR, Brennan MB, Gotway CA, Bragina VY, Govorukina NV, Kravtsova ON et al.| title=Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination. | journal=Lancet | year= 1999 | volume= 353 | issue= 9150 | pages= 355-8 | pmid=9950440 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03488-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9950440 }} </ref><ref name="pmid805182">{{cite journal| author=Koopman JS, Campbell J| title=The role of cutaneous diphtheria infections in a diphtheria epidemic. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1975 | volume= 131 | issue= 3 | pages= 239-44 | pmid=805182 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=805182 }} </ref><ref name="pmid4972946">{{cite journal| author=Belsey MA, Sinclair M, Roder MR, LeBlanc DR| title=Corynebacterium diphtheriae skin infections in Alabama and Louisiana. A factor in the epidemiology of diphtheria. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1969 | volume= 280 | issue= 3 | pages= 135-41 | pmid=4972946 | doi=10.1056/NEJM196901162800304 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4972946 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5814141">{{cite journal| author=Favorova LA| title=The risk of infection in droplet infections. The influence of overcrowding and prolonged contact on transmission of the diphtheria pathogen. | journal=J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol | year= 1969 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 73-82 | pmid=5814141 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5814141 }} </ref> | ||
*Lack of | *Lack of immunization | ||
*History of | *History of contact with diphtheria patients | ||
*Presence of skin lesions | *Presence of skin [[lesions]] | ||
*Presence of [[eczema]] | *Presence of [[eczema]] | ||
*History of chronic health conditions | *History of chronic health conditions | ||
* | *History of travel to areas endemic for diphtheria | ||
*Overcrowding | *Overcrowding | ||
* | *Exposure to poor sanitary conditions | ||
* | *Poor personal hygiene | ||
*Sharing utensils and fomites with person suffering from diphtheria | *Sharing utensils and fomites with person suffering from diphtheria | ||
*Presence of [[tonsils]] | *Presence of [[tonsils]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2], Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of diphtheria include a lack of immunization, a history of travel to areas endemic for diphtheria, exposure to overcrowding and/or poor sanitary conditions, and immunocompromised status.[1][2][3][4][5]
Risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of diphtheria may include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Lack of immunization
- History of contact with diphtheria patients
- Presence of skin lesions
- Presence of eczema
- History of chronic health conditions
- History of travel to areas endemic for diphtheria
- Overcrowding
- Exposure to poor sanitary conditions
- Poor personal hygiene
- Sharing utensils and fomites with person suffering from diphtheria
- Presence of tonsils
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Quick ML, Sutter RW, Kobaidze K, Malakmadze N, Nakashidze R, Murvanidze S; et al. (2000). "Risk factors for diphtheria: a prospective case-control study in the Republic of Georgia, 1995-1996". J Infect Dis. 181 Suppl 1: S121–9. doi:10.1086/315563. PMID 10657203.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vitek CR, Brennan MB, Gotway CA, Bragina VY, Govorukina NV, Kravtsova ON; et al. (1999). "Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination". Lancet. 353 (9150): 355–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03488-6. PMID 9950440.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Koopman JS, Campbell J (1975). "The role of cutaneous diphtheria infections in a diphtheria epidemic". J Infect Dis. 131 (3): 239–44. PMID 805182.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Belsey MA, Sinclair M, Roder MR, LeBlanc DR (1969). "Corynebacterium diphtheriae skin infections in Alabama and Louisiana. A factor in the epidemiology of diphtheria". N Engl J Med. 280 (3): 135–41. doi:10.1056/NEJM196901162800304. PMID 4972946.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Favorova LA (1969). "The risk of infection in droplet infections. The influence of overcrowding and prolonged contact on transmission of the diphtheria pathogen". J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 13 (1): 73–82. PMID 5814141.