Fungal meningitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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Fungal meningitis can occur in two main clinical pictures: subacute meningitis and chronic meningitis. Chronic meningitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms for more than four weeks. | Fungal meningitis can occur in two main clinical pictures: subacute meningitis and chronic meningitis. Chronic meningitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms for more than four weeks. | ||
==History== | |||
Commonly patients have a history of one or more of the following:<ref name="pmid26392507">{{cite journal| author=Morgand M, Rammaert B, Poirée S, Bougnoux ME, Tran H, Kania R et al.| title=Chronic Invasive Aspergillus Sinusitis and Otitis with Meningeal Extension Successfully Treated with Voriconazole. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2015 | volume= 59 | issue= 12 | pages= 7857-61 | pmid=26392507 | doi=10.1128/AAC.01506-15 | pmc=4649149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26392507 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17921648">{{cite journal| author=Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Sundaram C, Sarkar C, Chacko G, Lanjewar DN et al.| title=Pathobiology of fungal infections of the central nervous system with special reference to the Indian scenario. | journal=Neurol India | year= 2007 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 198-215 | pmid=17921648 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17921648 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12751260">{{cite journal| author=Chiller TM, Galgiani JN, Stevens DA| title=Coccidioidomycosis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2003 | volume= 17 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-57, viii | pmid=12751260 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12751260 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11429020">{{cite journal| author=Singh N, Husain S| title=Infections of the central nervous system in transplant recipients. | journal=Transpl Infect Dis | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 101-11 | pmid=11429020 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11429020 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11229838">{{cite journal| author=Rosenstein NE, Emery KW, Werner SB, Kao A, Johnson R, Rogers D et al.| title=Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995-1996. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 708-15 | pmid=11229838 | doi=10.1086/319203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11229838 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11051295">{{cite journal| author=Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR| title=Fungal meningitis. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-22 | pmid=11051295 | doi=10.1055/s-2000-9394 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11051295 }} </ref><ref name="pmid480580">{{cite journal| author=Fraser DW, Ward JI, Ajello L, Plikaytis BD| title=Aspergillosis and other systemic mycoses. The growing problem. | journal=JAMA | year= 1979 | volume= 242 | issue= 15 | pages= 1631-5 | pmid=480580 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=480580 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7004196">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Lang SD, Durack DT| title=Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1980 | volume= 101 | issue= 1 | pages= 177-94 | pmid=7004196 | doi= | pmc=1903580 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7004196 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3992427">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Durack DT| title=Chemotactic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | journal=Sabouraudia | year= 1985 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 37-45 | pmid=3992427 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3992427 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3899932">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Durack DT| title=Effects of cyclosporine in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | journal=Infect Immun | year= 1985 | volume= 50 | issue= 1 | pages= 22-6 | pmid=3899932 | doi= | pmc=262129 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3899932 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3275587">{{cite journal| author=Mody CH, Toews GB, Lipscomb MF| title=Cyclosporin A inhibits the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model. | journal=Infect Immun | year= 1988 | volume= 56 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-12 | pmid=3275587 | doi= | pmc=259224 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3275587 }} </ref> | Commonly patients have a history of one or more of the following:<ref name="pmid26392507">{{cite journal| author=Morgand M, Rammaert B, Poirée S, Bougnoux ME, Tran H, Kania R et al.| title=Chronic Invasive Aspergillus Sinusitis and Otitis with Meningeal Extension Successfully Treated with Voriconazole. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2015 | volume= 59 | issue= 12 | pages= 7857-61 | pmid=26392507 | doi=10.1128/AAC.01506-15 | pmc=4649149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26392507 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17921648">{{cite journal| author=Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Sundaram C, Sarkar C, Chacko G, Lanjewar DN et al.| title=Pathobiology of fungal infections of the central nervous system with special reference to the Indian scenario. | journal=Neurol India | year= 2007 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 198-215 | pmid=17921648 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17921648 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12751260">{{cite journal| author=Chiller TM, Galgiani JN, Stevens DA| title=Coccidioidomycosis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2003 | volume= 17 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-57, viii | pmid=12751260 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12751260 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11429020">{{cite journal| author=Singh N, Husain S| title=Infections of the central nervous system in transplant recipients. | journal=Transpl Infect Dis | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 101-11 | pmid=11429020 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11429020 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11229838">{{cite journal| author=Rosenstein NE, Emery KW, Werner SB, Kao A, Johnson R, Rogers D et al.| title=Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995-1996. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 708-15 | pmid=11229838 | doi=10.1086/319203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11229838 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11051295">{{cite journal| author=Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR| title=Fungal meningitis. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-22 | pmid=11051295 | doi=10.1055/s-2000-9394 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11051295 }} </ref><ref name="pmid480580">{{cite journal| author=Fraser DW, Ward JI, Ajello L, Plikaytis BD| title=Aspergillosis and other systemic mycoses. The growing problem. | journal=JAMA | year= 1979 | volume= 242 | issue= 15 | pages= 1631-5 | pmid=480580 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=480580 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7004196">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Lang SD, Durack DT| title=Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1980 | volume= 101 | issue= 1 | pages= 177-94 | pmid=7004196 | doi= | pmc=1903580 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7004196 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3992427">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Durack DT| title=Chemotactic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | journal=Sabouraudia | year= 1985 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 37-45 | pmid=3992427 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3992427 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3899932">{{cite journal| author=Perfect JR, Durack DT| title=Effects of cyclosporine in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | journal=Infect Immun | year= 1985 | volume= 50 | issue= 1 | pages= 22-6 | pmid=3899932 | doi= | pmc=262129 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3899932 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3275587">{{cite journal| author=Mody CH, Toews GB, Lipscomb MF| title=Cyclosporin A inhibits the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model. | journal=Infect Immun | year= 1988 | volume= 56 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-12 | pmid=3275587 | doi= | pmc=259224 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3275587 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:01, 14 February 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby; Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Fungal meningitis can occur in two main clinical pictures: subacute meningitis and chronic meningitis. Chronic meningitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms for more than four weeks.
History
Commonly patients have a history of one or more of the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
- Chronic sinusitis
- Granulocytopenia
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes
- Pregnancy
- Persons with diabetes
- IV drug abuse
- Prolonged intravenous therapy
- Exposure history example travel to or residence inendemic regions of the pathogen
- Immune suppression examples systemic neoplasia, organ transplantation, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),
- Water aspiration as in a case of Pseudoallescheria boydii
- Traumatic inoculation as in a case ofSporothrix schenckii
Symptoms
Subacute Meningitis
- Headache
- Neck stiffness
- Low grade fever
- Fatigue
- Night sweats
- Possible cranial nerves involvement[12]
Chronic Meningitis
- Headache
- Neck stiffness
- Hydrocephalus
- Cranial neuropathy
- Radiculopathy
- Cognitive and personality changes[13]
References
- ↑ Morgand M, Rammaert B, Poirée S, Bougnoux ME, Tran H, Kania R; et al. (2015). "Chronic Invasive Aspergillus Sinusitis and Otitis with Meningeal Extension Successfully Treated with Voriconazole". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 59 (12): 7857–61. doi:10.1128/AAC.01506-15. PMC 4649149. PMID 26392507.
- ↑ Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Sundaram C, Sarkar C, Chacko G, Lanjewar DN; et al. (2007). "Pathobiology of fungal infections of the central nervous system with special reference to the Indian scenario". Neurol India. 55 (3): 198–215. PMID 17921648.
- ↑ Chiller TM, Galgiani JN, Stevens DA (2003). "Coccidioidomycosis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 17 (1): 41–57, viii. PMID 12751260.
- ↑ Singh N, Husain S (2000). "Infections of the central nervous system in transplant recipients". Transpl Infect Dis. 2 (3): 101–11. PMID 11429020.
- ↑ Rosenstein NE, Emery KW, Werner SB, Kao A, Johnson R, Rogers D; et al. (2001). "Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995-1996". Clin Infect Dis. 32 (5): 708–15. doi:10.1086/319203. PMID 11229838.
- ↑ Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR (2000). "Fungal meningitis". Semin Neurol. 20 (3): 307–22. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9394. PMID 11051295.
- ↑ Fraser DW, Ward JI, Ajello L, Plikaytis BD (1979). "Aspergillosis and other systemic mycoses. The growing problem". JAMA. 242 (15): 1631–5. PMID 480580.
- ↑ Perfect JR, Lang SD, Durack DT (1980). "Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits". Am J Pathol. 101 (1): 177–94. PMC 1903580. PMID 7004196.
- ↑ Perfect JR, Durack DT (1985). "Chemotactic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cryptococcal meningitis". Sabouraudia. 23 (1): 37–45. PMID 3992427.
- ↑ Perfect JR, Durack DT (1985). "Effects of cyclosporine in experimental cryptococcal meningitis". Infect Immun. 50 (1): 22–6. PMC 262129. PMID 3899932.
- ↑ Mody CH, Toews GB, Lipscomb MF (1988). "Cyclosporin A inhibits the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model". Infect Immun. 56 (1): 7–12. PMC 259224. PMID 3275587.
- ↑ Roos KL, Tyler KL. Chapter 381. Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess, and Empyema. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
- ↑ Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.