Blastomycosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*The incubation period varies from 3 weeks to 3 months after exposure. | *The incubation period varies from 3 weeks to 3 months after exposure. | ||
===Pathogensis=== | ===Pathogensis=== | ||
*Once inhaled in the lungs, the conidia are mostly destroyed due to their susceptibility to neutrophils, leukocytes and macrophages. | *Once inhaled in the lungs, the conidia are mostly destroyed due to their susceptibility to neutrophils, leukocytes and macrophages. <ref>{{cite book | last = Kauffman | first = Carol | title = Essentials of clinical mycology | publisher = Springer | location = New York | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4419-6639-1 }}</ref> | ||
*However, a few conidia escape this protective mechanism and evolve into yeast form, which being double walled structures are more resistant to destruction. | *However, a few conidia escape this protective mechanism and evolve into yeast form, which being double walled structures are more resistant to destruction. | ||
*This conversion releases a glycoprotien [[BAD-1]], which induces cell mediated immunity. | *This conversion releases a glycoprotien [[BAD-1]], which induces cell mediated immunity. <ref name="pmid18070904">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koneti A, Linke MJ, Brummer E, Stevens DA |title=Evasion of innate immune responses: evidence for mannose binding lectin inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by macrophages in response to Blastomyces dermatitidis |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=994–1002 |year=2008 |pmid=18070904 |pmc=2258846 |doi=10.1128/IAI.01185-07 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*This results in a pyogranulomatous response at the site of infection (lungs). | *This results in a pyogranulomatous response at the site of infection (lungs). | ||
*Which eventually leads to the formation of a non-caseating granulomas. | *Which eventually leads to the formation of a non-caseating granulomas. | ||
===Dissemination=== | ===Dissemination=== | ||
*The fungi can disseminate through the blood and lymphatics to other organs, including the skin, bone, genitourinary tract. | *The fungi can disseminate through the blood and lymphatics to other organs, including the skin, bone, genitourinary tract. | ||
Revision as of 14:09, 27 February 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Transmission
- Inhalation of the conidia from its natural soil habitat is considered the most significant route of transmission.
- Other less common route of transmission is by cutaneous inoculation through direct skin injury.
Incubation
- The incubation period varies from 3 weeks to 3 months after exposure.
Pathogensis
- Once inhaled in the lungs, the conidia are mostly destroyed due to their susceptibility to neutrophils, leukocytes and macrophages. [1]
- However, a few conidia escape this protective mechanism and evolve into yeast form, which being double walled structures are more resistant to destruction.
- This conversion releases a glycoprotien BAD-1, which induces cell mediated immunity. [2]
- This results in a pyogranulomatous response at the site of infection (lungs).
- Which eventually leads to the formation of a non-caseating granulomas.
Dissemination
- The fungi can disseminate through the blood and lymphatics to other organs, including the skin, bone, genitourinary tract.
References
- ↑ Kauffman, Carol (2011). Essentials of clinical mycology. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-6639-1.
- ↑ Koneti A, Linke MJ, Brummer E, Stevens DA (2008). "Evasion of innate immune responses: evidence for mannose binding lectin inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by macrophages in response to Blastomyces dermatitidis". Infect. Immun. 76 (3): 994–1002. doi:10.1128/IAI.01185-07. PMC 2258846. PMID 18070904.