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==Natural history, complications and prognosis== | ==Natural history, complications and prognosis== | ||
===Natural history=== | |||
Peritonsillar abscess if left untreated may result in extraperitonsillar extension.<ref name="pmid25255362">{{cite journal| author=Coughlin AM, Baugh RF, Pine HS| title=Lingual tonsil abscess with parapharyngeal extension: a case report. | journal=Ear Nose Throat J | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 9 | pages= E7-8 | pmid=25255362 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25255362 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26591220">{{cite journal| author=Deeva YV| title=[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TONSILLAR NECK PHLEGMON]. | journal=Klin Khir | year= 2015 | volume= | issue= 7 | pages= 47-8 | pmid=26591220 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26591220 }} </ref> | |||
===Complications=== | |||
The following are some complications that may follow peritonsillar abscess:<ref name="pmid18246890">{{cite journal| author=Galioto NJ| title=Peritonsillar abscess. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2008 | volume= 77 | issue= 2 | pages= 199-202 | pmid=18246890 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18246890 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9231089">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ| title=Retropharyngeal abscess: a clinical review. | journal=J Laryngol Otol | year= 1997 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 546-50 | pmid=9231089 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9231089 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2355414">{{cite journal| author=Stevens HE| title=Vascular complication of neck space infection: case report and literature review. | journal=J Otolaryngol | year= 1990 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 206-10 | pmid=2355414 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2355414 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7857015">{{cite journal| author=Greinwald JH, Wilson JF, Haggerty PG| title=Peritonsillar abscess: an unlikely cause of necrotizing fasciitis. | journal=Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol | year= 1995 | volume= 104 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-7 | pmid=7857015 | doi=10.1177/000348949510400209 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7857015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6594557">{{cite journal| author=Wenig BL, Shikowitz MJ, Abramson AL| title=Necrotizing fasciitis as a lethal complication of peritonsillar abscess. | journal=Laryngoscope | year= 1984 | volume= 94 | issue= 12 Pt 1 | pages= 1576-9 | pmid=6594557 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6594557 }} </ref> | |||
*Extraperitonsillar spread example [[Parapharyngeal space infection|parapharyngeal]] extension, deep neck tissues and [[posterior]] [[mediastinum]]<ref name="pmid25255362">{{cite journal| author=Coughlin AM, Baugh RF, Pine HS| title=Lingual tonsil abscess with parapharyngeal extension: a case report. | journal=Ear Nose Throat J | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 9 | pages= E7-8 | pmid=25255362 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25255362 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26591220">{{cite journal| author=Deeva YV| title=[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TONSILLAR NECK PHLEGMON]. | journal=Klin Khir | year= 2015 | volume= | issue= 7 | pages= 47-8 | pmid=26591220 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26591220 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26527518">{{cite journal| author=Kawabata M, Umakoshi M, Makise T, Miyashita K, Harada M, Nagano H et al.| title=Clinical classification of peritonsillar abscess based on CT and indications for immediate abscess tonsillectomy. | journal=Auris Nasus Larynx | year= 2016 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 182-6 | pmid=26527518 | doi=10.1016/j.anl.2015.09.014 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26527518 }} </ref> | |||
Peritonsillar abscess may spread through the deep fascia of the neck with associated rapid progression to a more serious infection. | |||
*Airway obstruction | |||
*[[Aspiration]] [[pneumonitis]] or lung abscess secondary to peritonsillar abscess rupture | |||
*[[Hemorrhage]] from erosion or septic [[necrosis]] into [[carotid]] sheath | |||
*[[Mediastinitis]] | |||
*Poststreptococcal sequelae (e.g., [[glomerulonephritis]], [[rheumatic fever]]) when infection is caused by [[Group A streptococcus]] | |||
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]] | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
The prognosis of peritonsillar abscess is good with early and appropriate treatment.<ref name="pmid22321140">{{cite journal| author=Powell J, Wilson JA| title=An evidence-based review of peritonsillar abscess. | journal=Clin Otolaryngol | year= 2012 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 136-45 | pmid=22321140 | doi=10.1111/j.1749-4486.2012.02452.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22321140 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7782170">{{cite journal| author=Apostolopoulos NJ, Nikolopoulos TP, Bairamis TN| title=Peritonsillar abscess in children. Is incision and drainage an effective management? | journal=Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol | year= 1995 | volume= 31 | issue= 2-3 | pages= 129-35 | pmid=7782170 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7782170 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12646835">{{cite journal| author=Johnson RF, Stewart MG, Wright CC| title=An evidence-based review of the treatment of peritonsillar abscess. | journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 128 | issue= 3 | pages= 332-43 | pmid=12646835 | doi=10.1067/mhn.2003.93 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12646835 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7630308">{{cite journal| author=Herzon FS| title=Harris P. Mosher Award thesis. Peritonsillar abscess: incidence, current management practices, and a proposal for treatment guidelines. | journal=Laryngoscope | year= 1995 | volume= 105 | issue= 8 Pt 3 Suppl 74 | pages= 1-17 | pmid=7630308 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7630308 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Natural history, complications and prognosis
Natural history
Peritonsillar abscess if left untreated may result in extraperitonsillar extension.[1][2]
Complications
The following are some complications that may follow peritonsillar abscess:[3][4][5][6][7]
- Extraperitonsillar spread example parapharyngeal extension, deep neck tissues and posterior mediastinum[1][2][8]
Peritonsillar abscess may spread through the deep fascia of the neck with associated rapid progression to a more serious infection.
- Airway obstruction
- Aspiration pneumonitis or lung abscess secondary to peritonsillar abscess rupture
- Hemorrhage from erosion or septic necrosis into carotid sheath
- Mediastinitis
- Poststreptococcal sequelae (e.g., glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever) when infection is caused by Group A streptococcus
- Necrotizing fasciitis
Prognosis
The prognosis of peritonsillar abscess is good with early and appropriate treatment.[9][10][11][12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Coughlin AM, Baugh RF, Pine HS (2014). "Lingual tonsil abscess with parapharyngeal extension: a case report". Ear Nose Throat J. 93 (9): E7–8. PMID 25255362.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Deeva YV (2015). "[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TONSILLAR NECK PHLEGMON]". Klin Khir (7): 47–8. PMID 26591220.
- ↑ Galioto NJ (2008). "Peritonsillar abscess". Am Fam Physician. 77 (2): 199–202. PMID 18246890.
- ↑ Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ (1997). "Retropharyngeal abscess: a clinical review". J Laryngol Otol. 111 (6): 546–50. PMID 9231089.
- ↑ Stevens HE (1990). "Vascular complication of neck space infection: case report and literature review". J Otolaryngol. 19 (3): 206–10. PMID 2355414.
- ↑ Greinwald JH, Wilson JF, Haggerty PG (1995). "Peritonsillar abscess: an unlikely cause of necrotizing fasciitis". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 104 (2): 133–7. doi:10.1177/000348949510400209. PMID 7857015.
- ↑ Wenig BL, Shikowitz MJ, Abramson AL (1984). "Necrotizing fasciitis as a lethal complication of peritonsillar abscess". Laryngoscope. 94 (12 Pt 1): 1576–9. PMID 6594557.
- ↑ Kawabata M, Umakoshi M, Makise T, Miyashita K, Harada M, Nagano H; et al. (2016). "Clinical classification of peritonsillar abscess based on CT and indications for immediate abscess tonsillectomy". Auris Nasus Larynx. 43 (2): 182–6. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2015.09.014. PMID 26527518.
- ↑ Powell J, Wilson JA (2012). "An evidence-based review of peritonsillar abscess". Clin Otolaryngol. 37 (2): 136–45. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2012.02452.x. PMID 22321140.
- ↑ Apostolopoulos NJ, Nikolopoulos TP, Bairamis TN (1995). "Peritonsillar abscess in children. Is incision and drainage an effective management?". Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 31 (2–3): 129–35. PMID 7782170.
- ↑ Johnson RF, Stewart MG, Wright CC (2003). "An evidence-based review of the treatment of peritonsillar abscess". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 128 (3): 332–43. doi:10.1067/mhn.2003.93. PMID 12646835.
- ↑ Herzon FS (1995). "Harris P. Mosher Award thesis. Peritonsillar abscess: incidence, current management practices, and a proposal for treatment guidelines". Laryngoscope. 105 (8 Pt 3 Suppl 74): 1–17. PMID 7630308.