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==Overview==
==Overview==


Mastitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast pain and/or swelling, such as [[galactocele]]<ref name="pmid26341843">{{cite journal| author=Langer A, Mohallem M, Berment H, Ferreira F, Gog A, Khalifa D et al.| title=Breast lumps in pregnant women. | journal=Diagn Interv Imaging | year= 2015 | volume= 96 | issue= 10 | pages= 1077-87 | pmid=26341843 | doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.07.005 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26341843}}</ref><ref name="pmid26530177">{{cite journal| author=Canlorbe G, Bendifallah S| title=[Rare benign breast tumors including Abrikossoff tumor (granular cell tumor), erosive adenomatosis of the nipple, cytosteatonecrosis, fibromatosis (desmoid tumor), galactocele, hamartoma, hemangioma, lipoma, juvenile papillomatosis, pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia, and syringomatous adenoma: Guidelines for clinical practice]. | journal=J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) | year= 2015 | volume= 44 | issue= 10 | pages= 1030-48 | pmid=26530177 | doi=10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.09.034 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26530177}}</ref>, [[breast engorgement]]<ref name="pmid26513602">{{cite journal| author=Pustotina O| title=Management of mastitis and breast engorgement in breastfeeding women. | journal=J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 19 | pages= 3121-5 | pmid=26513602 | doi=10.3109/14767058.2015.1114092 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26513602}}</ref><ref name="pmid27313273">{{cite journal| author=Leung SS| title=Breast pain in lactating mothers. | journal=Hong Kong Med J | year= 2016 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27313273 | doi=10.12809/hkmj154762 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27313273  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid27465926">{{cite journal| author=Anderson L, Kynoch K| title=Implementation of an education package on breast engorgement aimed at lactation consultants and midwives to prevent conflicting information for postnatal mothers. | journal=Int J Evid Based Healthc | year= 2016 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27465926 | doi=10.1097/XEB.0000000000000090 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27465926}}</ref>, [[mastodynia]]<ref name="pmid3794218">{{cite journal| author=van Bogaert LJ| title=[Mastodynia and fibrocystic disease of the breast. Perspectives and methods of medical treatment]. | journal=J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) | year= 1986 | volume= 15 | issue= 6 | pages= 805-11 | pmid=3794218 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3794218}}</ref><ref name="pmid26817204">{{cite journal| author=Songtish D, Akranurakkul P| title=Mastalgia: Characteristics and Associated Factors in Thai Women. | journal=J Med Assoc Thai | year= 2015 | volume= 98 Suppl 9 | issue=  | pages= S9-15 | pmid=26817204 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26817204}}</ref><ref name="pmid26602519">{{cite journal| author=Sen M, Kilic MO, Cemeroglu O, Icen D| title=Can mastalgia be another somatic symptom in fibromyalgia syndrome? | journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) | year= 2015 | volume= 70 | issue= 11 | pages= 733-7 | pmid=26602519 | doi=10.6061/clinics/2015(11)03 | pmc=4642489 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26602519}}</ref>, [[fibrocystic breast disease]], [[breast cancer]], [[fibroadenoma]], [[mondor's disease]]<ref name="pmid9283940">{{cite journal| author=Cox EM, Siegel DM| title=Mondor disease: an unusual consideration in a young woman with a breast mass. | journal=J Adolesc Health | year= 1997 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 183-5 | pmid=9283940 | doi=10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00044-X | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9283940}}</ref><ref name="pmid21855258">{{cite journal| author=Belleflamme M, Penaloza A, Thoma M, Hainaut P, Thys F| title=Mondor disease: a case report in ED. | journal=Am J Emerg Med | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 7 | pages= 1325.e1-3 | pmid=21855258 | doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.031 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21855258}}</ref> and breast trauma.
Mastitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast pain and/or swelling, such as [[galactocele]]<ref name="pmid26341843">{{cite journal| author=Langer A, Mohallem M, Berment H, Ferreira F, Gog A, Khalifa D et al.| title=Breast lumps in pregnant women. | journal=Diagn Interv Imaging | year= 2015 | volume= 96 | issue= 10 | pages= 1077-87 | pmid=26341843 | doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.07.005 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26341843}}</ref><ref name="pmid26530177">{{cite journal| author=Canlorbe G, Bendifallah S| title=[Rare benign breast tumors including Abrikossoff tumor (granular cell tumor), erosive adenomatosis of the nipple, cytosteatonecrosis, fibromatosis (desmoid tumor), galactocele, hamartoma, hemangioma, lipoma, juvenile papillomatosis, pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia, and syringomatous adenoma: Guidelines for clinical practice]. | journal=J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) | year= 2015 | volume= 44 | issue= 10 | pages= 1030-48 | pmid=26530177 | doi=10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.09.034 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26530177}}</ref>, [[breast engorgement]]<ref name="pmid26513602">{{cite journal| author=Pustotina O| title=Management of mastitis and breast engorgement in breastfeeding women. | journal=J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 19 | pages= 3121-5 | pmid=26513602 | doi=10.3109/14767058.2015.1114092 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26513602}}</ref><ref name="pmid27313273">{{cite journal| author=Leung SS| title=Breast pain in lactating mothers. | journal=Hong Kong Med J | year= 2016 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27313273 | doi=10.12809/hkmj154762 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27313273  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid27465926">{{cite journal| author=Anderson L, Kynoch K| title=Implementation of an education package on breast engorgement aimed at lactation consultants and midwives to prevent conflicting information for postnatal mothers. | journal=Int J Evid Based Healthc | year= 2016 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27465926 | doi=10.1097/XEB.0000000000000090 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27465926}}</ref>, [[mastodynia]]<ref name="pmid3794218">{{cite journal| author=van Bogaert LJ| title=[Mastodynia and fibrocystic disease of the breast. Perspectives and methods of medical treatment]. | journal=J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) | year= 1986 | volume= 15 | issue= 6 | pages= 805-11 | pmid=3794218 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3794218}}</ref><ref name="pmid26817204">{{cite journal| author=Songtish D, Akranurakkul P| title=Mastalgia: Characteristics and Associated Factors in Thai Women. | journal=J Med Assoc Thai | year= 2015 | volume= 98 Suppl 9 | issue=  | pages= S9-15 | pmid=26817204 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26817204}}</ref><ref name="pmid26602519">{{cite journal| author=Sen M, Kilic MO, Cemeroglu O, Icen D| title=Can mastalgia be another somatic symptom in fibromyalgia syndrome? | journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) | year= 2015 | volume= 70 | issue= 11 | pages= 733-7 | pmid=26602519 | doi=10.6061/clinics/2015(11)03 | pmc=4642489 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26602519}}</ref>, [[fibrocystic breast disease]], [[breast cancer]], [[fibroadenoma]], [[mondor's disease]]<ref name="pmid9283940">{{cite journal| author=Cox EM, Siegel DM| title=Mondor disease: an unusual consideration in a young woman with a breast mass. | journal=J Adolesc Health | year= 1997 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 183-5 | pmid=9283940 | doi=10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00044-X | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9283940}}</ref><ref name="pmid21855258">{{cite journal| author=Belleflamme M, Penaloza A, Thoma M, Hainaut P, Thys F| title=Mondor disease: a case report in ED. | journal=Am J Emerg Med | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 7 | pages= 1325.e1-3 | pmid=21855258 | doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.031 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21855258}}</ref> and [[breast abscess]].


==Differentiating Mastitis from other diseases==
==Differentiating Mastitis from other diseases==

Revision as of 18:32, 8 March 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Mastitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast pain and/or swelling, such as galactocele[1][2], breast engorgement[3][4] [5], mastodynia[6][7][8], fibrocystic breast disease, breast cancer, fibroadenoma, mondor's disease[9][10] and breast abscess.

Differentiating Mastitis from other diseases

Mastitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast pain and swelling as shown below:[11][12] [13][14][15][16][17][10][18][19]

Diseases Laboratory Findings Physical Examination History and Symptoms Other Findings
Breast milk culture Biopsy Breast tenderness Skin induration Cordlike vein appearance History of trauma Nipple retraction Nipple discharge Erythema Fever Warmth Lymphadenopathy Itching
Breast abscess + for bacteria ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
Mastitis + for bacteria ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
Inflammatory breast cancer ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ *Peau d' orange appearance of the skin

*Metastasis is common.

Galactocele ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ It is differentiated from other masses by US.
Plugged duct ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Mondor's syndrome ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ Retracted breast skin and elevation of the skin may be observed.
Fibroadenoma ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ *Peau d' orange skin apperance.

*Enlarged veins on the skin

Other differential diagnosis of mastitis may include:

References

  1. ↑ Langer A, Mohallem M, Berment H, Ferreira F, Gog A, Khalifa D; et al. (2015). "Breast lumps in pregnant women". Diagn Interv Imaging. 96 (10): 1077–87. doi:10.1016/j.diii.2015.07.005. PMID 26341843.
  2. ↑ Canlorbe G, Bendifallah S (2015). "[Rare benign breast tumors including Abrikossoff tumor (granular cell tumor), erosive adenomatosis of the nipple, cytosteatonecrosis, fibromatosis (desmoid tumor), galactocele, hamartoma, hemangioma, lipoma, juvenile papillomatosis, pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia, and syringomatous adenoma: Guidelines for clinical practice]". J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 44 (10): 1030–48. doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.09.034. PMID 26530177.
  3. ↑ Pustotina O (2016). "Management of mastitis and breast engorgement in breastfeeding women". J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 29 (19): 3121–5. doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1114092. PMID 26513602.
  4. ↑ Leung SS (2016). "Breast pain in lactating mothers". Hong Kong Med J. doi:10.12809/hkmj154762. PMID 27313273.
  5. ↑ Anderson L, Kynoch K (2016). "Implementation of an education package on breast engorgement aimed at lactation consultants and midwives to prevent conflicting information for postnatal mothers". Int J Evid Based Healthc. doi:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000090. PMID 27465926.
  6. ↑ van Bogaert LJ (1986). "[Mastodynia and fibrocystic disease of the breast. Perspectives and methods of medical treatment]". J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 15 (6): 805–11. PMID 3794218.
  7. ↑ Songtish D, Akranurakkul P (2015). "Mastalgia: Characteristics and Associated Factors in Thai Women". J Med Assoc Thai. 98 Suppl 9: S9–15. PMID 26817204.
  8. ↑ Sen M, Kilic MO, Cemeroglu O, Icen D (2015). "Can mastalgia be another somatic symptom in fibromyalgia syndrome?". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 70 (11): 733–7. doi:10.6061/clinics/2015(11)03. PMC 4642489. PMID 26602519.
  9. ↑ Cox EM, Siegel DM (1997). "Mondor disease: an unusual consideration in a young woman with a breast mass". J Adolesc Health. 21 (3): 183–5. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00044-X. PMID 9283940.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Belleflamme M, Penaloza A, Thoma M, Hainaut P, Thys F (2012). "Mondor disease: a case report in ED". Am J Emerg Med. 30 (7): 1325.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.031. PMID 21855258.
  11. ↑ Greydanus DE, Matytsina L, Gains M (2006). "Breast disorders in children and adolescents". Prim Care. 33 (2): 455–502. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2006.02.002. PMID 16713771.
  12. ↑ Jahanfar S, Ng CJ, Teng CL (2013). "Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD005458. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005458.pub3. PMID 23450563.
  13. ↑ Lam E, Chan T, Wiseman SM (2014). "Breast abscess: evidence based management recommendations". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 12 (7): 753–62. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.913982. PMID 24791941.
  14. ↑ Kleer CG, van Golen KL, Merajver SD (2000). "Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis. Inflammatory breast cancer: clinical syndrome and molecular determinants". Breast Cancer Res. 2 (6): 423–9. doi:10.1186/bcr89. PMC 138665. PMID 11250736.
  15. ↑ Dawood S, Merajver SD, Viens P, Vermeulen PB, Swain SM, Buchholz TA; et al. (2011). "International expert panel on inflammatory breast cancer: consensus statement for standardized diagnosis and treatment". Ann Oncol. 22 (3): 515–23. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq345. PMC 3105293. PMID 20603440.
  16. ↑ Jaiyesimi IA, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi G (1992). "Inflammatory breast cancer: a review". J Clin Oncol. 10 (6): 1014–24. doi:10.1200/JCO.1992.10.6.1014. PMID 1588366.
  17. ↑ Indelicato DJ, Grobmyer SR, Newlin H, Morris CG, Haigh LS, Copeland EM; et al. (2006). "Delayed breast cellulitis: an evolving complication of breast conservation". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 66 (5): 1339–46. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1388. PMID 17126205.
  18. ↑ Shetty MK, Watson AB (2001). "Mondor's disease of the breast: sonographic and mammographic findings". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177 (4): 893–6. doi:10.2214/ajr.177.4.1770893. PMID 11566698.
  19. ↑ Kadioglu H, Yildiz S, Ersoy YE, Yücel S, Müslümanoğlu M (2013). "An unusual case caused by a common reason: Mondor's disease by oral contraceptives". Int J Surg Case Rep. 4 (10): 855–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.07.026. PMC 3785854. PMID 23959419.

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