Actinomycosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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:*Pediatric actinomycosis
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*[[Actinomyces]] does not grow in oxygen rich environment. When there is break through the protective lining, surrounding the cavities, the actinomycetales  
*[[Actinomyces]] does not grow in oxygen rich environment. When there is a break through the protective lining surrounding the cavities, the actinomycetales penetrate through the deeper tissues where the bacteria grow rapidly due to low oxygen levels.
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Revision as of 18:15, 9 March 2017

Actinomycosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Actinomycosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Treatment

Medical Therapy

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Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Pathophysiology

  • Actinomycosis is caused by the bacteria Actinomyces which is a normal commensal of the human oral cavity but less common in the female genital tract and lower gastrointestinal tract.
  • The common clinical forms of are:
  • Cervicofacial actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
  • Thoracic actinomycosis
  • Abdominal actinomycosis
  • Pelvic actinomycosis
  • Dermatologic actinomycosis
  • Pediatric actinomycosis
  • Opthalmological actinomycosis
  • Actinomyces does not grow in oxygen rich environment. When there is a break through the protective lining surrounding the cavities, the actinomycetales penetrate through the deeper tissues where the bacteria grow rapidly due to low oxygen levels.
Types Site of Infection Source of infection Pathogenesis
Cervicofascial actinomycosis
  • Neck
  • Jaw
  • Mouth
  • Dental problems like tooth decay
  • Most common type of actinomycosis
  • 50% of cases
Thoracic actinomycosis
  • Lungs
  • Pleura
  • Chest wall
  • Mediastinum
  • Inhalation of droplets of contaminated fluid
  • Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents
  • Direct extension of cervicofacial infection into the mediastinum
  • Transdiaphragmatic or retroperitoneal spread from the abdomen
  • Hematogenous spread
  • 15%-20% of cases
Abdominal actinomycosis Abdomen
  • Secondary to abdominal infections like appendicitis
  • Accidental swallowing of a foreign body such as, chicken bone containing the actinomycetes bacteria
  • Penetrating trauma
  • Perforation of the gut (e.g.,the colon or appendix)
  • Surgical manipulation of GI tract
  • 20% of cases
Pelvic actinomycosis Pelvis
  • Occurs most commonly in woman as the bacteria passes from the female genitals into the pelvis
  • Long term use of IUD type of contraceptive
  • 10% of cases
Cental nervous system CNS
  • Secondary to hematogenous spread from primary infection in the lung, abdomen, or pelvis
  • Direct extension from paranasal sinuses, ears, and cervicofacial regions

References

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