Hypothyroidism causes

Hypothyroidism Main page
Patient Information
Overview
Classification Primary hypothyroidism Hashimoto's thyroiditis Secondary hypothyroidism Tertiary hypothyroidism
Differentiating different causes of hypothyroidism
Screening
Diagnosis
History and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Hypothyroidism is commonly caused by iodine deficiency, hashimoto's thyroiditis, and diseases that cause disruption in pituitary hormone production. Neoplasms can be a life threatening cause of hypothyroidism and require prompt diagnosis and differentiation to reduce morbidity.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Aneurysm
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Craniopharyngioma
• Glioma
• Hypomelia
• Meningioma
• Metastasis
• Neoplastic
• Pituitary adenoma
• Pituitary apoplexy
• Pituitary cancer 
• Syphilis

Common Causes

• Iodine deficiency
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Thyroid hormone resistance 
• Thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency
• Trh deficiency
• Tsh deficiency

Less Common Causes

• Hypothyroidism can result from postpartum thyroiditis, a condition that affects about 5% of all women within a year after giving birth. The first phase is typically hyperthyroidism. Then, the thyroid either returns to normal or a woman develops hypothyroidism. Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring life-long treatment.

• Hypothyroidism can also result from sporadic inheritance, sometimes autosomal recessive.

• Temporary hypothyroidism can be due to the Wolff-Chaikoff effect.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alström syndrome, Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, Neutral lipid storage disease
Chemical/Poisoning	Iodine 131, Iodine antenatal infection , Iron overload , Isolated tsh deficiency, Lithium, Potassium iodide
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Dermatosclerosis
Drug Side Effect	Aminoglutethimide, Amiodarone, Antithyroid drugs, Atezolizumab, Axitinib, Bexarotene, Bromide , Carbimazole, Catch 22 , Ed-in-sol, Ethionamide, Femiron, Feosol, Feostat, Feratab, Fer-gen-sol, Fergon, Fer-in-sol, Ferrex, Hytinic, Icar, Interferon alfacon-1, Interferon alpha, Interferon-alfa, Interleukin-2, Ircon, Methimazole, Mitotane, Nephro-fer, Niferex, Nivolumab, Nu-iron, Oxcarbazepine, Para-amino salicylic acid, Peginterferon beta-1a, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pembrolizumab, Perchlorate, Pergolide, Phenytoin and levothyroxine interaction, Pramipexole, Propylthiouracil, Slow-fe, Sorafenib, Thionamides, Thyroid and cholestyramine interaction, Tiagabine, Tocilizumab, Tositumomab iodine-131, Ttf-1, Ttf-2, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Vitron-c
Ear Nose Throat	Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome
Endocrine	Abnormal maternal iodine levels, Acth deficiency, Antithyroid drugs, Apeced syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3, Autoimmune thyroiditis, Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, Central hypothyroidism, Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 1 (pou1f1 gene), Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 2 (prop1 gene), Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 3 (lhx gene), Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a , Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1h , Congenital thyroid dysgenesis, Cretinism athyreotic , De quervain thyroiditis, Deficiency of pit1, Dopamine, Empty sella, Escamilla-lisser syndrome , Fibrous thyroiditis, Goiter , Graves disease , Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hemochromatosis, Hyperthyroidism , Hypoadrenocorticism , Hypomelia , Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamic dysfunction , Hypothyroidism, Iodine deficiency, Iodine excess, Kaplowitz-bodurtha syndrome , Lymphocytic hypophysitis, Lymphocytic thyroiditis, Lymphomatous thyroiditis , Multiple endocrine abnormalities , Panhypopituitarism, Peripheral thyroid gland disorder resistance, Pituitary adenoma, Pituitary apoplexy, Pituitary cancer , Pituitary dwarfism type 3, Pituitary dysfunction , Polyendocrinopathy, Polyglandular disorders, Postpartum thyroiditis , Primary hypothyroidism, Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, Rathke's cleft cyst, Reidel's thyroiditis, Resistance to thyroid hormone , Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome , Riedel syndrome , Secondary hypothyroidism, Sheehan syndrome, Silent thyroiditis, Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, Subacute thyroiditis, Subtotal thyroidectomy, Supprative thyroiditis, Thyreostatic therapy, Thyroid dysgenesis , Thyroid dyshormonogenesis , Thyroid ectopy, Thyroid hormone resistance , Thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency, Thyroidectomy, Thyroiditis, Trh deficiency, Tsh deficiency
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Diarrhea, Enteropathy, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome
Genetic	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase iii deficiency , Abnormal maternal iodine levels, Acth deficiency, Alström syndrome, Bamforth syndrome , Bangstad syndrome , Cdg syndrome type 1a , Chromosome 1, 1p36 deletion syndrome , Chromosome 10, monosomy 10p , Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome, Chromosome 12 ring syndrome , Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome , Chromosome 15q, trisomy , Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome , Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q , Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome , Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 1 (pou1f1 gene), Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 2 (prop1 gene), Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 3 (lhx gene), Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a , Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1h , Congenital thyroid dysgenesis, Cystinosis, Deficiency of pit1, Digeorge syndrome, Down syndrome, Emanuel syndrome, Ipex syndrome, Johanson-blizzard syndrome , Kaplowitz-bodurtha syndrome , Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Monosomy 1p36 , Mutations , Ohdo syndrome, Pax8, Pendred's syndrome , Poems syndrome, Septo-optic dysplasia, Turner syndrome, Velocardiofacial syndrome , Vilanova-canadeli syndrome , Wolfram syndrome 2 , Zadik barak levin syndrome
Hematologic	Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes mellitus, Hemochromatosis, Hemocyte, Iodine deficiency, Iodine excess, Iron overload , Isolated tsh deficiency, Maternal antibody, Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Iatrogenic	Iatrogenic, Neck radiotherapy, Neck surgery, Radiation therapy, Radioactive iodine therapy, Subtotal thyroidectomy, Supprative thyroiditis, Thyroidectomy
Infectious Disease	Iodine antenatal infection , Mycoses, Rathke's cleft cyst, Syphilis, Tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome
Neurologic	Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, Craniopharyngioma, Dopamine, Down syndrome, Microcephaly , Microphthalmia syndromic, Neurosarcoidosis , Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes mellitus, Diarrhea, Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Neonatal illness, Sheehan syndrome
Oncologic	Craniopharyngioma, Glioma, Hypomelia , Meningioma, Metastasis, Neoplastic, Pituitary adenoma, Pituitary apoplexy, Pituitary cancer
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Amyloidosis, Tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Amyloidosis, Anti-tsh receptor antibodies, Apeced syndrome, Autoimmune disorders, Autoimmune enteropathy, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3, Autoimmune thyroiditis, Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, Dermatosclerosis, Fibrous thyroiditis, Graves disease , Immune dysregulation , Kashin-bek disease , Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Neurosarcoidosis , Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
Sexual	Syphilis
Trauma	Injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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