Leptospirosis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Anicteric leptospirosis=== | ===Anicteric leptospirosis=== | ||
* More common but serious illness is uncommon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncdc.gov.in/writereaddata/mainlinkfile/File558.pdf |title= Leptospirosis |last=prasad |first=jagadeesh |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> | * More common but serious [[illness]] is uncommon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncdc.gov.in/writereaddata/mainlinkfile/File558.pdf |title= Leptospirosis |last=prasad |first=jagadeesh |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> | ||
* Most of cases present either subclinical or of very mild severity. | * Most of cases present either subclinical or of very mild severity. | ||
* Few cases present with a febrile illness of sudden onset. | * Few cases present with a [[febrile]] illness of sudden onset. | ||
* Other symptoms include [[chills]], [[headache]] (severe with retro-orbital pain and [[photophobia]]), [[myalgia]], [[abdominal pain]], conjunctival suffusion, and [[skin rash]] (transient and last < 24 hours) | * Other symptoms include [[chills]], [[headache]] (severe with retro-orbital [[pain]] and [[photophobia]]), [[myalgia]], [[abdominal pain]], [[conjunctival]] suffusion, and [[skin rash]] (transient and last < 24 hours) | ||
* May progress to [[aseptic meningitis]] in ≤ 25% of patients and more common in younger age group than the patients with icteric leptospirosis. | * May progress to [[aseptic meningitis]] in ≤ 25% of patients and more common in younger age group than the patients with icteric leptospirosis. | ||
* Mortality is very less when compared to icteric leptospirosis | * Mortality is very less when compared to icteric leptospirosis | ||
===Icteric leptospirosis=== | ===Icteric leptospirosis=== | ||
* Rapidly progressive and severe form of leptospirosis ([[Weil's disease]]) | * Rapidly progressive and severe form of leptospirosis ([[Weil's disease]]) | ||
* In the severe form of leptospirosis [[renal failure]], [[hepatic failure]] and pulmonary | * In the severe form of leptospirosis [[renal failure]], [[hepatic failure]] and [[pulmonary]] [[hemorrhage]] can occur and associate with Icterohemorrhagiae.<ref name="pmid11692294">{{cite journal| author=Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM| title=Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974-1998. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 33 | issue= 11 | pages= 1834-41 | pmid=11692294 | doi=10.1086/324084 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11692294 }} </ref> | ||
* Less common form of leptospirosis with incidence of 5%-10%. | * Less common form of leptospirosis with incidence of 5%-10%. | ||
* [[Jaundice]] is not associate with hepatocellular injury, eventually [[Liver function tests|LFT]] returns to normal after recovery. | * [[Jaundice]] is not associate with hepatocellular injury, eventually [[Liver function tests|LFT]] returns to normal after recovery. | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 3 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Leptospirosis is classified into anicteric and icteric form of leptospirosis based on the clinical presentation.
Classification
Anicteric leptospirosis
- More common but serious illness is uncommon[1]
- Most of cases present either subclinical or of very mild severity.
- Few cases present with a febrile illness of sudden onset.
- Other symptoms include chills, headache (severe with retro-orbital pain and photophobia), myalgia, abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, and skin rash (transient and last < 24 hours)
- May progress to aseptic meningitis in ≤ 25% of patients and more common in younger age group than the patients with icteric leptospirosis.
- Mortality is very less when compared to icteric leptospirosis
Icteric leptospirosis
- Rapidly progressive and severe form of leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
- In the severe form of leptospirosis renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary hemorrhage can occur and associate with Icterohemorrhagiae.[2]
- Less common form of leptospirosis with incidence of 5%-10%.
- Jaundice is not associate with hepatocellular injury, eventually LFT returns to normal after recovery.
- High mortality rate with a range of 5%-15%.
References
- ↑ prasad, jagadeesh. "Leptospirosis" (PDF).
- ↑ Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM (2001). "Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974-1998". Clin Infect Dis. 33 (11): 1834–41. doi:10.1086/324084. PMID 11692294.