Clubbing causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cyanotic congenital heart disease, Right-to-left shunting, Bacterial endocarditis, Tetralogy of fallot, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Transposition of the great vessels, Tricuspid atresia, Truncus arteriosus, Arteriovenous malformations , Arterial vascular prosthesis infections, Atrial myxoma, Pulmonic stenosis
Chemical / poisoning	Ammonia inhalation, chlorine inhalation, diacetyl inhalation, hydrogen bromide inhalation, hydrogen chloride inhalation, hydrogen fluoride inhalation, hydrogen sulfide inhalation, methyl isocyanate inhalation, nitrogen oxide inhalation, Ozone inhalation, phosgene inhalation, polyamide-amine dyes inhalation, sulfur dioxide inhalation, thionyl chloride inhalation
Dermatologic	Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Shell nail syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Cannabis, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, Interferon gamma
Ear Nose Throat	Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Endocrine	Graves disease, Thyroid cancer, Thyrotoxicosis, POEMS syndrome
Environmental	Mesothelioma, silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Achalasia,celiac sprue, Chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive jaundice, Cirrhosis of liver, Crohn disease, cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal neoplasms, hepatoma, hepatopulmonary syndrome, Inflammatory bowel disease, Leiomyoma of the esophagus, liver tumors, malabsorption, oesophageal cancer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, small bowel lymphoma, stomach cancer, ulcerative colitis, Whipple disease,
Genetic	Arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous shunts, atrial septal defect, Celiac disease, congenital cardiovascular malformations, congenital cyanotic heart disease, conotruncal heart malformations, congenital heart disease, crohn's disease, Cystic fibrosis, dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis, Ebstein's anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Taussig-Bing syndrome, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Ivemark syndrome, Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia , pachydermoperiostosis, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot
Hematologic	Hodgkin lymphoma, Myelofibrosis
Iatrogenic	Cannabis
Infectious Disease	Aspergillosis, empyema, Infective endocarditis, lymphadenitis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Cerebrovascular insult, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Thyroid cancer, Thymus cancer, Hodgkin's disease, POEMS syndrome, Metastatic melanoma, Mesothelioma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Myelofibrosis, Atrial myxoma,
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Cannabis
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Asbestosis, lung cancer, Cystic fibrosis, Interstitial lung disease, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Sarcoidosis,Lipoid pneumonia, Empyema, Pleural mesothelioma, Pulmonary artery sarcoma, Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, Pulmonary metastasis, Bronchiectasis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Alpha heavy chain disease, celiac sprue, crohn's disease, Fischer syndrome, Graves disease, Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, polyarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis.
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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