Childhood vaccination schedule: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 16:50, 14 April 2017
Childhood vaccination schedule |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Vaccination is one of the best ways parents can protect infants, children and teens from 16 potentially harmful diseases. Vaccine-preventable diseases can be very serious, may require hospitalization, or even be deadly especially in infants and young children. Vaccines help develop immunity by imitating an infection. This type of infection, however, does not cause illness, but it does cause the immune system to produce T-lymphocytes and antibodies. Sometimes, after getting a vaccine, the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms, such as fever. Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity. Once the imitation infection goes away, the body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that disease in the future. However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes after vaccination. Therefore, it is possible that a person who was infected with a disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and get a disease, because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. We describe the vaccination schedule for childhood and early adulthood here.
Childhood vaccination schedule
The following table summarizes the vaccination schedule for Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger based on CDC 2017 recommendation.
Vaccine | Birth | 1 mo | 2 mos | 4 mos | 6 mos | 9 mos | 12 mos | 15 mos | 18 mos | 19-23 mos | 2-3 yrs | 4-6 yrs | 7-10 yrs | 11-12 yrs | 13-15 yrs | 16 yrs | 17-18 yrs | ||
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Hepatitis B1 (Hep B) | 1st dose | 2nd dose | 3rd dose | ||||||||||||||||
Rotavirus2 (RV) RV1 (2-dose series);
RV5 (3-dose series) |
1st dose | 2nd dose | See footnote 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Diphtheria, tetanus, & acellular pertussis3
(DTaP: <7 yrs) |
1st dose | 2nd dose | 3rd dose | 4th dose | 5th dose | ||||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae type b4 (Hib) | 1st dose | 2nd dose | See footnote 4 | 3rd or 4th dose,
See footnote 4 |
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Pneumococcal conjugate5 (PCV13) | 1st dose | 2nd dose | 3rd dose | 4th dose | |||||||||||||||
Inactivated poliovirus6 (IPV: <18 yrs) | 1st dose | 2nd dose | 3rd dose | 4th dose | |||||||||||||||
Influenza7 (IIV) | Annual vaccination (IIV) 1 or 2 doses | Annual vaccination (IIV) 1 dose only | |||||||||||||||||
Measles, mumps, rubella8 (MMR) | See footnote 8 | 1st dose | 2nd dose | ||||||||||||||||
Varicella9 (VAR) | 1st dose | 2nd dose | |||||||||||||||||
Hepatitis A10 (Hep A) | 2-dose series, See footnote 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Meningococcal11 (Hib-MenCY >6 weeks;
MenACWY-D >9 mos; MenACWY-CRM ≥2 mos) |
See footnote 11 | 1st dose | 2nd dose | ||||||||||||||||
Tetanus, diphtheria, & acellular pertussis12 (Tdap: >7 yrs) | Tdap | ||||||||||||||||||
Human papillomavirus13 (HPV) | See footnote 13 | ||||||||||||||||||
Meningococcal B11 | See footnote 11 | ||||||||||||||||||
Pneumococcal polysaccharide5 (PPSV23) | See footnote 5 |
Range of recommended ages for all children | |
Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization | |
No recommendation | |
Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups |
Catch-up immunization
Catch-up immunization schedule for persons aged 4 months through 18 years who start late or who are more than 1 month behind.
The table below provides catch-up schedules and minimum intervals between doses for children whose vaccinations have been delayed. A vaccine series does not need to be restarted, regardless of the time that has elapsed between doses. Use the section appropriate for the child’s age. Always use this table in conjunction with above table and the footnotes that follow.
Children age 4 months through 6 years | |||||
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Vaccine | Minimum Age for Dose 1 | Minimum Interval Between Doses | |||
Dose 1 to Dose 2 | Dose 2 to Dose 3 | Dose 3 to Dose 4 | Dose 4 to Dose 5 | ||
Hepatitis B1 | Birth | 4 weeks | 8 weeks
and at least 16 weeks after first dose. Minimum age for the final dose is 24 weeks. |
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Rotavirus2 | 6 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks2 | ||
Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis3 | 6 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks | 6 months | 6 months3 |
Haemophilus influenzae type b4 | 6 weeks |
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If current age is younger than 12 months and first dose was administered at younger than age 7 months, and at least 1 previous dose was PRP-T (ActHib, Pentacel, Hiberix) or unknown.
and age 12 through 59 months (as final dose)4 If current age is younger than 12 months and first dose was administered at age 7 through 11 months; OR If current age is 12 through 59 months and first dose was administered before the 1st birthday, and second dose administered at younger than 15 months; OR If both doses were PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB; Comvax) and were administered before the 1st birthday.
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This dose only necessary for children age 12 through 59 months who received 3 doses before the 1st birthday. |
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Pneumococcal5 | 6 weeks |
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This dose only necessary for children aged 12 through 59 months who received 3 doses before age 12 months or for children at high risk who received 3 doses at any age. |
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Inactivated poliovirus6 | 6 weeks | 4 weeks6 | 4 weeks6 | 6 months6 (minimum age 4 years for final dose). | |
Measles, mumps, rubella8 | 12 months | 4 weeks | |||
Varicella9 | 12 months | 3 months | |||
Hepatitis A10 | 12 months | 6 months | |||
Meningococcal11 (Hib-MenCY ≥6 weeks; MenACWY-D ≥9 mos; MenACWY-CRM ≥2 mos) | 6 weeks | 8 weeks11 | See footnote 11 | See footnote 11 |
Children and adolescents age 7 through 18 years | |||||
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Vaccine | Minimum Age for Dose 1 | Minimum Interval Between Doses | |||
Dose 1 to Dose 2 | Dose 2 to Dose 3 | Dose 3 to Dose 4 | Dose 4 to Dose 5 | ||
Meningococcal11
(MenACWY-D ≥9 mos; MenACWY-CRM ≥2 mos) |
Not Applicable (N/A) | 8 weeks11 | |||
Tetanus, diphtheria;
Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis12 |
7 years12 | 4 weeks |
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If first dose of DTaP/DT was administered before the 1st birthday. |
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Human papillomavirus13 | 9 years | Routine dosing intervals are recommended.13 | |||
Hepatitis A10 | N/A | 6 months | |||
Hepatitis B1 | N/A | 4 weeks | 8 weeks and at least 16 weeks after first dose. | ||
Inactivated poliovirus6 | N/A | 4 weeks | 4 weeks6 | 6 months6 | |
Measles, mumps, rubella8 | N/A | 4 weeks | |||
Varicella9 | N/A |
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Specific conditions
Vaccines that might be indicated for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger based on medical indications.
VACCINE | Pregnancy | Immunocompromised status (excluding HIV infection) | HIV infection CD4+ count (cells/μL) | Kidney failure, endstage renal disease, on hemodialysis | Heart disease, chronic lung disease | CSF leaks/ cochlear implants | Asplenia and persistent complement component deficiencies | Chronic liver disease | Diabetes | |
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<15% of total CD4 cell count | ≥15% of total CD4 cell count | |||||||||
Hepatitis B1 | ||||||||||
Rotavirus2 | ||||||||||
SCID | ||||||||||
Diphtheria, tetanus, & acellular pertussis3 (DTaP) | ||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae type b4 | ||||||||||
Pneumococcal conjugate5 | ||||||||||
Inactivated poliovirus6 | ||||||||||
Influenza7 | ||||||||||
Measles, mumps, rubella8 | ||||||||||
Varicella9 | ||||||||||
Hepatitis A10 | ||||||||||
Meningococcal ACWY11 | ||||||||||
Tetanus, diphtheria, & acellular pertussis12 (Tdap) | ||||||||||
Human papillomavirus13 | ||||||||||
Meningococcal B11 | ||||||||||
Pneumococcal polysaccharide5 |
Vaccination according to the routine schedule recommended | |
Recommended for persons with an additional risk factor for which the vaccine would be indicated | |
Vaccination is recommended, and additional doses may be necessary based on medical condition. See footnotes. | |
No recommendation | |
Contraindicated | |
Precaution for vaccination |
Additional information and footnotes
Vaccine | Routine vaccination | Catch-up vaccination | Vaccination for high risk person | |||
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At birth | Doses following the birth dose | |||||
(Minimum age: birth) |
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2. Rotavirus (RV) vaccines.
(Minimum age: 6 weeks for both RV1 [Rotarix] and RV5 [RotaTeq]) |
Administer a series of RV vaccine to all infants as follows:
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3. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine.
(Minimum age: 6 weeks. Exception: DTaPIPV [Kinrix, Quadracel]: 4 years) |
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The fifth dose of DTaP vaccine is not necessary if the fourth dose was administered at age 4 years or older. | --- | |||
4. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine.
(Minimum age: 6 weeks for PRP-T [ActHIB, DTaP-IPV/Hib (Pentacel), Hiberix, and Hib-MenCY (MenHibrix)], PRPOMP [PedvaxHIB]) |
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5. Pneumococcal vaccines.
(Minimum age: 6 weeks for PCV13, 2 years for PPSV23) |
Routine vaccination with PCV13:
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Catch-up vaccination with PCV13:
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All recommended PCV13 doses should be administered prior to PPSV23 vaccination if possible.
For children aged 2 through 5 years with any of the following conditions: chronic heart disease (particularly cyanotic congenital heart disease and cardiac failure); chronic lung disease (including asthma if treated with high-dose oral corticosteroid therapy); diabetes mellitus; cerebrospinal fluid leak; cochlear implant; sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies; anatomic or functional asplenia; HIV infection; chronic renal failure; nephrotic syndrome; diseases associated with treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or radiation therapy, including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, and Hodgkin disease; solid organ transplantation; or congenital immunodeficiency:
For children aged 6 through 18 years who have cerebrospinal fluid leak; cochlear implant; sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies; anatomic or functional asplenia; congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies; HIV infection; chronic renal failure; nephrotic syndrome; diseases associated with treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or radiation therapy, including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, and Hodgkin disease; generalized malignancy; solid organ transplantation; or multiple myeloma:
For children aged 6 through 18 years with chronic heart disease (particularly cyanotic congenital heart disease and cardiac failure), chronic lung disease (including asthma if treated with high-dose oral corticosteroid therapy), diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, or chronic liver disease, who have not received PPSV23, administer 1 dose of PPSV23. If PCV13 has been received previously, then PPSV23 should be administered at least 8 weeks after any prior PCV13 dose. A single revaccination with PPSV23 should be administered 5 years after the first dose to children with sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies; anatomic or functional asplenia; congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies; HIV infection; chronic renal failure; nephrotic syndrome; diseases associated with treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or radiation therapy, including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, and Hodgkin disease; generalized malignancy; solid organ transplantation; or multiple myeloma. | |||
6. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). (Minimum age: 6 weeks) | Administer a 4-dose series of IPV at ages 2, 4, 6 through 18 months, and 4 through 6 years. The final dose in the series should be administered on or after the fourth birthday and at least 6 months after the previous dose. |
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7. Influenza vaccines.
(Minimum age: 6 months for inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV], 18 years for recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV]) |
Administer influenza vaccine annually to all children beginning at age 6 months. | --- | ||||
8. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. (Minimum age: 12 months for routine vaccination) |
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Ensure that all school-aged children and adolescents have had 2 doses of MMR vaccine; the minimum interval between the 2 doses is 4 weeks. | --- | |||
9. Varicella (VAR) vaccine.
(Minimum age: 12 months) |
Administer a 2-dose series of VAR vaccine at ages 12 through 15 months and 4 through 6 years. The second dose may be administered before age 4 years, provided at least 3 months have elapsed since the first dose. If the second dose was administered at least 4 weeks after the first dose, it can be accepted as valid. | For children aged 7 through 12 years, the recommended minimum interval between doses is 3 months (if the second dose was administered at least 4 weeks after the first dose, it can be accepted as valid); for persons aged 13 years and older, the minimum interval between doses is 4 weeks. | --- | |||
10. Hepatitis A (Hep A) vaccine.
(Minimum age: 12 months) |
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The minimum interval between the 2 doses is 6 months. | Administer 2 doses of Hep A vaccine at least 6 months apart to previously unvaccinated persons who live in areas where vaccination programs target older children, or who are at increased risk for infection. This includes persons traveling to or working in countries that have high or intermediate endemicity of infection; men having sex with men; users of injection and non-injection illicit drugs; persons who work with HAV-infected primates or with HAV in a research laboratory; persons with clotting-factor disorders; persons with chronic liver disease; and persons who anticipate close, personal contact (e.g., household or regular babysitting) with an international adoptee during the first 60 days after arrival in the United States from a country with high or intermediate endemicity. The first dose should be administered as soon as the adoption is planned, ideally, 2 or more weeks before the arrival of the adoptee. | |||
11. Meningococcal vaccines.
(Minimum age: 6 weeks for Hib-MenCY [MenHibrix], 2 months for MenACWY-CRM [Menveo], 9 months for MenACWY-D [Menactra], 10 years for serogroup B meningococcal [MenB] vaccines: MenB- 4C [Bexsero] and MenB-FHbp [Trumenba]) |
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Meningococcal conjugate ACWY vaccination of persons with high-risk conditions and other persons at increased risk | ||||||
Children with anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), children with HIV infection, or children with persistent complement component deficiency (includes persons with inherited or chronic deficiencies in C3, C5-9, properdin, factor D, factor H, or taking eculizumab [Soliris]) | Meningococcal B vaccination of persons with high-risk conditions and other persons at increased risk of disease: Children with anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease) or children with persistent complement component deficiency (includes persons with inherited or chronic deficiencies in C3, C5-9, properdin, factor D, factor H, or taking eculizumab [Soliris]) | For children who travel to or reside in countries in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic, including countries in the African meningitis belt or the Hajj | For children at risk during an outbreak attributable to a vaccine serogroup | |||
Menveo:
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MenHibrix:
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Menactra:
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Bexsero or Trumenba:
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Administer an age-appropriate formulation and series of Menactra or Menveo for protection against serogroups A and W meningococcal disease. Prior receipt of MenHibrix is not sufficient for children traveling to the meningitis belt or the Hajj because it does not contain serogroups A or W. |
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Vaccine | Routine vaccination | Catch-up vaccination | Vaccination for high risk person | |||
12. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. (Minimum age: 10 years for both Boostrix and Adacel) |
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13. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. (Minimum age: 9 years for 4vHPV [Gardasil] and 9vHPV [Gardasil 9]) | Routine and catch-up vaccination:
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Special populations:
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