Clubbing causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Life threatening causes of clubbing include lung cancer, tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, and tricuspid atresia. Other common causes of clubbing are bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and empyema.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Aneurysm
• Lung cancer
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great vessels
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus arteriosus

Common Causes

• Bronchiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis
• Celiac disease
• Cirrhosis
• Empyema
• Graves disease
• Lung abscess

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aneurysm, arterial vascular prosthesis infections, arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous malformations, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, cerebrovascular insult, chronic hypoxia, common ventricle, congenital cardiovascular malformations, congestive heart failure, cyanotic congenital heart disease, conotruncal heart malformations, double outlet right ventricle, Eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis, erythromelalgia , patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension, right-to-left shunting, subacute bacterial endocarditis, Taussig-Bing syndrome, tetralogy of fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, heart cancer, ventricular septal defect.
Chemical / poisoning	Ammonia inhalation, chlorine inhalation, diacetyl inhalation, hydrogen bromide inhalation, hydrogen chloride inhalation, hydrogen fluoride inhalation, hydrogen sulfide inhalation, methyl isocyanate inhalation, nitrogen oxide inhalation, Ozone inhalation, phosgene inhalation, polyamide-amine dyes inhalation, sulfur dioxide inhalation, thionyl chloride inhalation
Dermatologic	Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Shell nail syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Cannabis, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, Interferon gamma, Senna
Ear Nose Throat	Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Endocrine	Graves disease, Thyroid cancer, Thyrotoxicosis, POEMS syndrome
Environmental	Mesothelioma, silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Achalasia,celiac sprue, Chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive jaundice, Cirrhosis of liver, Crohn disease, cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal neoplasms, hepatoma, hepatopulmonary syndrome, Inflammatory bowel disease, Leiomyoma of the esophagus, liver tumors, malabsorption, oesophageal cancer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, small bowel lymphoma, stomach cancer, ulcerative colitis, Whipple disease,
Genetic	Arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous shunts, atrial septal defect, Celiac disease, congenital cardiovascular malformations, congenital cyanotic heart disease, conotruncal heart malformations, congenital heart disease, crohn's disease, Cystic fibrosis, dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis, Ebstein's anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Taussig-Bing syndrome , hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Ivemark syndrome, Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia , pachydermoperiostosis, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot
Hematologic	Hodgkin lymphoma, Myelofibrosis
Iatrogenic	Cannabis
Infectious Disease	Aspergillosis, empyema, Infective endocarditis, lymphadenitis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Cerebrovascular insult, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Atrial myxoma Hodgkin's disease, mesothelioma, metastatic melanoma, myelofibrosis , nasopharyngeal carcinoma, POEMS syndrome, thyroid cancer, thymus cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Cannabis
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Asbestosis, asthma complicated by infection, berylliosis,bronchial carcinoma,bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic hypoxia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis,cystic fibrosis, emphysema,empyema,extrathoracic disease, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, familial interstitial fibrosis, familial pulmonary arterial hypertension, fibrosing alveolitis, Hamman-Rich Syndrome , hepatopulmonary syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis,hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension , interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease,interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, lipoid pneumonia,lung cancer, Marie-bamberg syndrome,pancoast tumor, pleural fibroma, pleural mesothelioma,polyarteritis nodosa,primary pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary artery sarcoma,pulmonary artery sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary granuloma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypoxic hypertension, pulmonary lymphoma, pulmonary metastases, pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency, pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonic stenosis, sarcoidosis, Secondary pulmonary hypertension, silicosis, surfactant metabolism dysfunction.
Renal / Electrolyte	Polyarteritis nodosa
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Alpha heavy chain disease, celiac sprue, crohn's disease, Fischer syndrome, Graves disease, Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, polyarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis.
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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