Viral meningitis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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*Creatine level | *Creatine level | ||
==== | ====Virus detection==== | ||
Samples can be taken by different ways from the suspected meningitis patients to detect the virus causing the disease.They may be collected for testing by:<ref name= "Viral meningitis"> CDC https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/viral.html Accessed on April 20, 2017 </ref> | Virus may be detected through two ways: | ||
*Nose swabbing | |||
*Throat swabbing | *Samples can be taken by different ways from the suspected meningitis patients to detect the virus causing the disease.They may be collected for testing by:<ref name= "Viral meningitis"> CDC https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/viral.html Accessed on April 20, 2017 </ref> | ||
*Rectum swabbing | **Nose swabbing | ||
*Taking a stool sample | **Throat swabbing | ||
*Drawing fluid from around your spinal cord. | **Rectum swabbing | ||
**Taking a stool sample | |||
**Drawing fluid from around your spinal cord. | |||
*Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used to detect the viruses in the blood. It can detect the DNA of the viruses like the enteroviruses and herpes simplex viruses.<ref name="pmid22608699">{{cite journal| author=Cantey JB, Mejías A, Wallihan R, Doern C, Brock E, Salamon D et al.| title=Use of blood polymerase chain reaction testing for diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2012 | volume= 161 | issue= 2 | pages= 357-61 | pmid=22608699 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22608699 }} </ref> | |||
===Specific tests=== | ===Specific tests=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Laboratory findings
Non specific tests
Blood tests
It is performed routinely to any suspected meningitis patients. It includes the following:
- CBC
- Blood culture
- PT and PTT
- Glucose level
- Creatine level
Virus detection
Virus may be detected through two ways:
- Samples can be taken by different ways from the suspected meningitis patients to detect the virus causing the disease.They may be collected for testing by:[1]
- Nose swabbing
- Throat swabbing
- Rectum swabbing
- Taking a stool sample
- Drawing fluid from around your spinal cord.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used to detect the viruses in the blood. It can detect the DNA of the viruses like the enteroviruses and herpes simplex viruses.[2]
Specific tests
Specific diagnostic tests include lumbar puncture with CSF examination. CSF examination findings in viral meningitis are as follows:
| Cerebrospinal fluid level | Normal level | Viral meningitis[3] |
|---|---|---|
| Cells/ul | < 5 | >100 |
| Cells | Lymphos:Monos 7:3 | Lymphocytes>granulocytes |
| Total protein (mg/dl) | 45-60 | Normal or slightly elevated |
| Glucose ratio (CSF/plasma)[4] | > 0.5 | >0.6 |
| Lactate (mmols/l)[5] | < 2.1 | < 2.1 |
| Others | ICP:6-12 (cm H2O) | Throat swap |
References
- ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/viral.html Accessed on April 20, 2017
- ↑ Cantey JB, Mejías A, Wallihan R, Doern C, Brock E, Salamon D; et al. (2012). "Use of blood polymerase chain reaction testing for diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection". J Pediatr. 161 (2): 357–61. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.009. PMID 22608699.
- ↑ Negrini B, Kelleher KJ, Wald ER (2000). "Cerebrospinal fluid findings in aseptic versus bacterial meningitis". Pediatrics. 105 (2): 316–9. PMID 10654948.
- ↑ Chow E, Troy SB (2014). "The differential diagnosis of hypoglycorrhachia in adult patients". Am J Med Sci. 348 (3): 186–90. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000217. PMC 4065645. PMID 24326618.
- ↑ Leen WG, Willemsen MA, Wevers RA, Verbeek MM (2012). "Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate: age-specific reference values and implications for clinical practice". PLoS One. 7 (8): e42745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042745. PMC 3412827. PMID 22880096.