Rubella pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Transmission== | ===Transmission=== | ||
* | *Rubella is transmitted primarily through direct or droplet contact from nasopharyngeal secretions. | ||
*The | *Humans are the only natural hosts. | ||
*Infections usually occur during late winter and early spring. | |||
*The average incubation period of rubella virus is 17 days, with a range of 12 to 23 days. | |||
*People infected with rubella are most contagious when the rash is erupting, but they can be contagious from 7 days before to 7 days after the rash appears. | |||
===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
The pathophysiology of rubella infection is not fully understood.<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 247:Rubella". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1548–1552. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref> The pathophysiology of rubella infection involves the following processes:<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 247:Rubella". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1548–1552. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref><ref name="Goldman-Cecil Medicine">Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew (2016). "Chapter 368:Rubella (German Measles)". Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 25th Edition. Elsevier. pp. 2204–2206. ISBN 9781455750177.</ref> | The pathophysiology of rubella infection is not fully understood.<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 247:Rubella". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1548–1552. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref> The pathophysiology of rubella infection involves the following processes:<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 247:Rubella". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1548–1552. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref><ref name="Goldman-Cecil Medicine">Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew (2016). "Chapter 368:Rubella (German Measles)". Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 25th Edition. Elsevier. pp. 2204–2206. ISBN 9781455750177.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 16:19, 25 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Transmission
- Rubella is transmitted primarily through direct or droplet contact from nasopharyngeal secretions.
- Humans are the only natural hosts.
- Infections usually occur during late winter and early spring.
- The average incubation period of rubella virus is 17 days, with a range of 12 to 23 days.
- People infected with rubella are most contagious when the rash is erupting, but they can be contagious from 7 days before to 7 days after the rash appears.
Pathogenesis
The pathophysiology of rubella infection is not fully understood.[1] The pathophysiology of rubella infection involves the following processes:[1][2]
- The transmission of infection is via person-person spread through droplets that are shed from respiratory secretions of infected persons.
- Viral replication occurs in the respiratory epithelium, with subsequent spread of the virus to the regional lymph nodes.
- Viremia ensues and subsequent seeding of viremia to multiple organs may occur (including the placenta in pregnant women, which results in congenital rubella syndrome).
- The onset of viremia is usually between 8-9 days after exposure, peaking at 10-17 days.
- The onset of rash usually occurs 16-18 days after exposure (around the peak of viremia).
- Approximately 10 days after infection, viral shedding from the nasopharynx begins.
- Viral shedding may continue 1 week before the rash appears to about 5-14 days after the disappearance of the rash.
- The patient is most contagious 5 days before the onset of the rash to 6 days after the appearance of the rash.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 247:Rubella". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1548–1552. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.
- ↑ Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew (2016). "Chapter 368:Rubella (German Measles)". Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 25th Edition. Elsevier. pp. 2204–2206. ISBN 9781455750177.