Staphylococcus aureus infection pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent bacteria that has been recognized as a cause of a wide variety of diseases in humans. Approximately 60% of humans are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (the nasal membranes and skin are the common habitat).<ref name="pmid26142662">{{cite journal| author=Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V| title=An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries. | journal=J Infect Dev Ctries | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 547-50 | pmid=26142662 | doi=10.3855/jidc.6923 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142662 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25749135">{{cite journal| author=Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR| title=Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 185 | issue= 6 | pages= 1518-27 | pmid=25749135 | doi=10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030 | pmc=4450319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25749135 }} </ref> Several strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria exist. The characteristic attribute of a particular strain such as toxins and extracellular factors, invasive properties (such as adherence, biofilm formation, and resistance to phagocytosis), majorly determine the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection.<ref name="pmid26142662">{{cite journal| author=Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V| title=An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries. | journal=J Infect Dev Ctries | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 547-50 | pmid=26142662 | doi=10.3855/jidc.6923 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142662 }} </ref> Staphylococcus aureus causes several infections ranging from mild infections to invasive diseases that are life threatening. Some of the infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus include skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, food poisoning, pneumonia, infective endocarditis and sepsis. The following virulence factors have been recognized in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections:<ref name="pmid23541411">{{cite journal| author=Grumann D, Nübel U, Bröker BM| title=Staphylococcus aureus toxins--their functions and genetics. | journal=Infect Genet Evol | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= | pages= 583-92 | pmid=23541411 | doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.013 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23541411 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22919643">{{cite journal| author=Xu SX, McCormick JK| title=Staphylococcal superantigens in colonization and disease. | journal=Front Cell Infect Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 52 | pmid=22919643 | doi=10.3389/fcimb.2012.00052 | pmc=3417409 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22919643 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25749135">{{cite journal| author=Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR| title=Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 185 | issue= 6 | pages= 1518-27 | pmid=25749135 | doi=10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030 | pmc=4450319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25749135 }} </ref> | Staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent bacteria that has been recognized as a cause of a wide variety of diseases in humans. Approximately 60% of humans are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (the nasal membranes and skin are the common habitat).<ref name="pmid26142662">{{cite journal| author=Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V| title=An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries. | journal=J Infect Dev Ctries | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 547-50 | pmid=26142662 | doi=10.3855/jidc.6923 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142662 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25749135">{{cite journal| author=Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR| title=Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 185 | issue= 6 | pages= 1518-27 | pmid=25749135 | doi=10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030 | pmc=4450319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25749135 }} </ref> Several strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria exist. The characteristic attribute of a particular strain such as toxins and extracellular factors, invasive properties (such as adherence, biofilm formation, and resistance to phagocytosis), majorly determine the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection.<ref name="pmid26142662">{{cite journal| author=Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V| title=An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries. | journal=J Infect Dev Ctries | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 547-50 | pmid=26142662 | doi=10.3855/jidc.6923 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142662 }} </ref> Staphylococcus aureus causes several infections ranging from mild infections to invasive diseases that are life threatening. Some of the infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus include skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, food poisoning, pneumonia, infective endocarditis and sepsis. The following virulence factors have been recognized in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections:<ref name="pmid23541411">{{cite journal| author=Grumann D, Nübel U, Bröker BM| title=Staphylococcus aureus toxins--their functions and genetics. | journal=Infect Genet Evol | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= | pages= 583-92 | pmid=23541411 | doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.013 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23541411 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22919643">{{cite journal| author=Xu SX, McCormick JK| title=Staphylococcal superantigens in colonization and disease. | journal=Front Cell Infect Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 52 | pmid=22919643 | doi=10.3389/fcimb.2012.00052 | pmc=3417409 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22919643 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25749135">{{cite journal| author=Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR| title=Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 185 | issue= 6 | pages= 1518-27 | pmid=25749135 | doi=10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030 | pmc=4450319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25749135 }} </ref> | ||
* '''Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs)''' | |||
# These have been strongly implicated in a wide range of illnesses such as toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. | |||
# Several studies also suggest staphylococcal superantigens play a role in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, some forms of psoriasis, Kawasaki disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis. | |||
# | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:51, 8 May 2017
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Staphylococcus aureus infection Main page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent bacteria that has been recognized as a cause of a wide variety of diseases in humans. Approximately 60% of humans are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (the nasal membranes and skin are the common habitat).[1][2] Several strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria exist. The characteristic attribute of a particular strain such as toxins and extracellular factors, invasive properties (such as adherence, biofilm formation, and resistance to phagocytosis), majorly determine the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection.[1] Staphylococcus aureus causes several infections ranging from mild infections to invasive diseases that are life threatening. Some of the infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus include skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, food poisoning, pneumonia, infective endocarditis and sepsis. The following virulence factors have been recognized in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections:[3][4][2]
- Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs)
- These have been strongly implicated in a wide range of illnesses such as toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning.
- Several studies also suggest staphylococcal superantigens play a role in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, some forms of psoriasis, Kawasaki disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V (2015). "An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries". J Infect Dev Ctries. 9 (6): 547–50. doi:10.3855/jidc.6923. PMID 26142662.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR (2015). "Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses". Am J Pathol. 185 (6): 1518–27. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030. PMC 4450319. PMID 25749135.
- ↑ Grumann D, Nübel U, Bröker BM (2014). "Staphylococcus aureus toxins--their functions and genetics". Infect Genet Evol. 21: 583–92. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.013. PMID 23541411.
- ↑ Xu SX, McCormick JK (2012). "Staphylococcal superantigens in colonization and disease". Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2: 52. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00052. PMC 3417409. PMID 22919643.