Gynecomastia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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* Cirrhosis | * Cirrhosis | ||
* Starvation and Refeeding<ref name="pmid18911010">{{cite journal| author=JACOBS EC| title=Gynecomastia following severe starvation. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1948 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 792-7 | pmid=18911010 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18911010 }} </ref> | * Starvation and Refeeding<ref name="pmid18911010">{{cite journal| author=JACOBS EC| title=Gynecomastia following severe starvation. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1948 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 792-7 | pmid=18911010 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18911010 }} </ref> | ||
* Male hypogonadism | * Male hypogonadism<ref name="pmid4042075">{{cite journal| author=Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM| title=Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. | journal=Cancer | year= 1985 | volume= 56 | issue= 10 | pages= 2534-8 | pmid=4042075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4042075 }} </ref> | ||
* Testicular neoplasms | * Testicular neoplasms | ||
* Hyperthyroidism | * Hyperthyroidism | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of gynecomastia is idiopathic often multifactorial.
Common Risk Factors
- Idiopathic
- Drugs (12765)
- Cirrhosis
- Starvation and Refeeding[4]
- Male hypogonadism[5]
- Testicular neoplasms
- Hyperthyroidism
- Chronic Kidney disease
- Tumors
Less Common Risk Factors
- Feminizing adrenal tumors
- Ectopic hCG
- Disorders of sex development
- Familial prepubertal gynecomastia
References
- ↑ Rose LI, Underwood RH, Newmark SR, Kisch ES, Williams GH (1977). "Pathophysiology of spironolactone-induced gynecomastia". Ann Intern Med. 87 (4): 398–403. PMID 907238.
- ↑ Deepinder F, Braunstein GD (2012). "Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review". Expert Opin Drug Saf. 11 (5): 779–95. doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.712109. PMID 22862307.
- ↑ Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.
- ↑ JACOBS EC (1948). "Gynecomastia following severe starvation". Ann Intern Med. 28 (4): 792–7. PMID 18911010.
- ↑ Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM (1985). "Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications". Cancer. 56 (10): 2534–8. PMID 4042075.