Gynecomastia risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
* Male hypogonadism<ref name="pmid4042075">{{cite journal| author=Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM| title=Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. | journal=Cancer | year= 1985 | volume= 56 | issue= 10 | pages= 2534-8 | pmid=4042075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4042075 }} </ref> | * Male hypogonadism<ref name="pmid4042075">{{cite journal| author=Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM| title=Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. | journal=Cancer | year= 1985 | volume= 56 | issue= 10 | pages= 2534-8 | pmid=4042075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4042075 }} </ref> | ||
* Testicular neoplasms<ref name="pmid4042075">{{cite journal| author=Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM| title=Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. | journal=Cancer | year= 1985 | volume= 56 | issue= 10 | pages= 2534-8 | pmid=4042075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4042075 }} </ref> | * Testicular neoplasms<ref name="pmid4042075">{{cite journal| author=Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM| title=Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. | journal=Cancer | year= 1985 | volume= 56 | issue= 10 | pages= 2534-8 | pmid=4042075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4042075 }} </ref> | ||
* Hyperthyroidism | * Hyperthyroidism<ref name="pmid1166483">{{cite journal| author=Olivo J, Gordon GG, Rafii F, Southren AL| title=Estrogen metabolism in hyperthyroidism and in cirrhosis of the liver. | journal=Steroids | year= 1975 | volume= 26 | issue= 1 | pages= 47-56 | pmid=1166483 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1166483 }} </ref> | ||
* Chronic Kidney disease | * Chronic Kidney disease | ||
* Tumors | * Tumors | ||
Revision as of 16:46, 18 May 2017
|
Gynecomastia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Gynecomastia risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gynecomastia risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Gynecomastia risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of gynecomastia is idiopathic often multifactorial.
Common Risk Factors
- Idiopathic
- Drugs (12765)
- Cirrhosis
- Starvation and Refeeding[4]
- Male hypogonadism[5]
- Testicular neoplasms[5]
- Hyperthyroidism[6]
- Chronic Kidney disease
- Tumors
Less Common Risk Factors
- Feminizing adrenal tumors
- Ectopic hCG
- Disorders of sex development
- Familial prepubertal gynecomastia
References
- ↑ Rose LI, Underwood RH, Newmark SR, Kisch ES, Williams GH (1977). "Pathophysiology of spironolactone-induced gynecomastia". Ann Intern Med. 87 (4): 398–403. PMID 907238.
- ↑ Deepinder F, Braunstein GD (2012). "Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review". Expert Opin Drug Saf. 11 (5): 779–95. doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.712109. PMID 22862307.
- ↑ Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.
- ↑ JACOBS EC (1948). "Gynecomastia following severe starvation". Ann Intern Med. 28 (4): 792–7. PMID 18911010.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tseng A, Horning SJ, Freiha FS, Resser KJ, Hannigan JF, Torti FM (1985). "Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications". Cancer. 56 (10): 2534–8. PMID 4042075.
- ↑ Olivo J, Gordon GG, Rafii F, Southren AL (1975). "Estrogen metabolism in hyperthyroidism and in cirrhosis of the liver". Steroids. 26 (1): 47–56. PMID 1166483.