Gynecomastia classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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* Grade 1: Small visible breast enlargement, no skin redundancy | |||
* Grade 2a: Moderate breast enlargement without skin redundancy | |||
* Grade 2b: Moderate breast enlargement with skin redundancy | |||
* Grade 3: Marked breast enlargement with marked skin redundancy | |||
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The spectrum of gynecomastia severity has been categorized into a grading system:<ref name="Minimal">{{cite journal|last1=Wollina | first1=U|last2=Goldman|first2=A| title=Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast|journal=Journal of cosmetic dermatology|date=June 2011| volume=10| issue=2| pages=150–155|pmid=21649820|doi=10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00548.x}}</ref><ref name="pmid4687568">{{cite journal| author=Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S| title=Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia. | journal=Plast Reconstr Surg | year= 1973 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 48-52 | pmid=4687568 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4687568 }} </ref> | The spectrum of gynecomastia severity has been categorized into a grading system:<ref name="Minimal">{{cite journal|last1=Wollina | first1=U|last2=Goldman|first2=A| title=Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast|journal=Journal of cosmetic dermatology|date=June 2011| volume=10| issue=2| pages=150–155|pmid=21649820|doi=10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00548.x}}</ref><ref name="pmid4687568">{{cite journal| author=Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S| title=Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia. | journal=Plast Reconstr Surg | year= 1973 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 48-52 | pmid=4687568 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4687568 }} </ref> | ||
* Grade I: Minor enlargement, no skin excess | * Grade I: Minor enlargement, no skin excess | ||
Revision as of 19:43, 18 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Classification
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The spectrum of gynecomastia severity has been categorized into a grading system:[1][2]
- Grade I: Minor enlargement, no skin excess
- Grade II: Moderate enlargement, no skin excess
- Grade III: Moderate enlargement, skin excess
- Grade IV: Marked enlargement, skin excess
References
- ↑ Wollina, U; Goldman, A (June 2011). "Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast". Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 10 (2): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00548.x. PMID 21649820.
- ↑ Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S (1973). "Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia". Plast Reconstr Surg. 51 (1): 48–52. PMID 4687568.