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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Adenoiditis''' means [[inflammation]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue. [[Infection]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue, usually a [[viral]] infection, is the most common cause of its [[inflammation]]. [[Bacteria]] can also cause adenoiditis. Adenoiditis may present with [[common cold|cold like symptoms]]. The symptoms of adenoiditis can last for 10 or more days, and may usually present as a discharge of [[pus]] from the nose. [[Medications]] ([[antibiotics]] or [[steroids]]) or [[surgical]] approach may be required for the management of adenoiditis, depending on the causative agent.  
'''Adenoiditis''' means [[inflammation]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue. [[Infection]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue, usually a [[viral]] infection, is the most common cause of its [[inflammation]]. [[Bacteria]] can also cause adenoiditis. Adenoiditis may present with [[common cold|cold like symptoms]]. The symptoms of adenoiditis can last for 10 or more days, and may usually present as a discharge of [[pus]] from the nose. [[Medications]] ([[antibiotics]] or [[steroids]]) or [[surgical]] approach may be required for the management of adenoiditis, depending on the causative agent.  



Revision as of 20:34, 18 May 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

Adenoiditis means inflammation of the adenoid tissue. Infection of the adenoid tissue, usually a viral infection, is the most common cause of its inflammation. Bacteria can also cause adenoiditis. Adenoiditis may present with cold like symptoms. The symptoms of adenoiditis can last for 10 or more days, and may usually present as a discharge of pus from the nose. Medications (antibiotics or steroids) or surgical approach may be required for the management of adenoiditis, depending on the causative agent.

Causes

Bacterial Causes

Bacterial causes include

Viral Causes

Viruses that may cause adenoiditis include the

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

Adenoiditis occurs mainly in childhood, often associated with acute tonsillitis. Incidence decreases with age, with adenoiditis being rare in children over 15 years due to physiological atrophy of the adenoid tissue.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Complications

Complications of acute adenoiditis can occur due to extension of inflammation to the neighboring organs.

History and Symptoms

Symptoms

Acute adenoiditis is characterized by:

In cases due to viral infection symptoms usually recede spontaneously after 48 hours, symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis typically persist up to a week. Adenoiditis is sometimes accompanied by tonsillitis. Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids.

Other Imaging Findings

Optical fiber endoscopy can confirm the diagnosis of adenoiditis in cases of doubt by directly visualizing the inflamed adenoid tissue.

Medical Therapy

Pharmacotherapy

Antibiotics for bacterial. A steroidal nasal spray may also be prescribed in order to reduce nasal congestion. Severe or recurring adenoiditis may require surgical removal of the adenoids.

In cases of viral adenoiditis, treatment with analgesics or antipyretics is often sufficient. Bacterial adenoiditis may be treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin - clavulanic acid or a cephalosporin. In case of adenoid hypertrophy, adenoidectomy may be performed to remove the adenoid.


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