Sepsis causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Sepsis}} | {{Sepsis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The process of [[infection]] by [[bacteria]] or [[fungi]] can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of severity, these are [[bacteremia]] or [[fungemia]]; [[septicemia]]; [[sepsis]], severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shock; [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]], and [[death]]. The condition develops as a response to certain [[microbe|microbial]] molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as [[tumor necrosis factors]] (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response.<ref name="pmid24335434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mayr FB, Yende S, Angus DC |title=Epidemiology of severe sepsis |journal=Virulence |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=4–11 |year=2014 |pmid=24335434 |pmc=3916382 |doi=10.4161/viru.27372 |url=}}</ref> | The process of [[infection]] by [[bacteria]] or [[fungi]] can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of severity, these are [[bacteremia]] or [[fungemia]]; [[septicemia]]; [[sepsis]], severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shock; [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]], and [[death]]. The condition develops as a response to certain [[microbe|microbial]] molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as [[tumor necrosis factors]] (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response.<ref name="pmid24335434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mayr FB, Yende S, Angus DC |title=Epidemiology of severe sepsis |journal=Virulence |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=4–11 |year=2014 |pmid=24335434 |pmc=3916382 |doi=10.4161/viru.27372 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Causes== | |||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, if left untreated it results in death. | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
Sepsis is caused by a [[bacterial]] infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places where an [[infection]] might start include: | |||
*The [[bowel]] (usually seen with [[peritonitis]]) | |||
*The [[kidneys]] (upper urinary tract infection or [[pyelonephritis]]) | |||
*The lining of the brain ([[meningitis]]) | |||
*The [[liver]] or the [[gall bladder]] ([[cholecystitis]]) | |||
*The [[lungs]] (bacterial [[pneumonia]]) | |||
*The [[skin]] ([[cellulitis]]) | |||
*In children, sepsis may accompany infection of the [[bone]] ([[osteomyelitis]]). | |||
*In hospitalized patients, common sites of infection include intravenous lines, [[surgical wounds]], surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown known as [[bedsores]] ([[decubitus ulcers]]). | |||
==Microorganisms== | ==Microorganisms== | ||
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* [[Entamoeba histolytica]] | * [[Entamoeba histolytica]] | ||
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===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
Revision as of 17:44, 23 May 2017
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Sepsis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sepsis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
The process of infection by bacteria or fungi can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of severity, these are bacteremia or fungemia; septicemia; sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shock; multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. The condition develops as a response to certain microbial molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as tumor necrosis factors (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response.[1]
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, if left untreated it results in death.
Common Causes
Sepsis is caused by a bacterial infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places where an infection might start include:
- The bowel (usually seen with peritonitis)
- The kidneys (upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis)
- The lining of the brain (meningitis)
- The liver or the gall bladder (cholecystitis)
- The lungs (bacterial pneumonia)
- The skin (cellulitis)
- In children, sepsis may accompany infection of the bone (osteomyelitis).
- In hospitalized patients, common sites of infection include intravenous lines, surgical wounds, surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown known as bedsores (decubitus ulcers).
Microorganisms
Common organisms responsible for sepsis includes:[2][3]
| Aerobic bacteria | Anaerobes bacteria | Fungal | Parasite |
|---|---|---|---|
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Acute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial ring abscess, subacute bacterial endocarditis |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Aldesleukin,Aprotinin, Boceprevir, Caspofungin acetate, Ceritinib, Crizotinib, Cytarabine, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Felbamate, Ixabepilone, Meropenem, Mitomycin, Oxaprozin, Pergolide, Pralatrexate, , Pramipexole, Sargramostim, Sipuleucel-T, Sirolimus, Strontium chloride, Tiagabine, Tocilizumab, Vedolizumab |
| Ear Nose Throat | Bronchitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Abscess, Bicalutamide, esophagitis, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, instrumentation, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, small intestine disorder |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Osteomyelitis, wound infections |
| Neurologic | Acute bacterial meningitis |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Community-acquired pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Acute prostatitis/abscess, catheter-associated bacteriuria, cervicitis, chronic kidney disease, cystitis, instrumentation, intranephric abscess or perinephric abscess, pyelonephritis, renal calculi, urethritis, urinary tract obstruction, vaginitis |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Cytarabine
- Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
- Gangrene
- Gram negative bacteremia
- Ixabepilone
- Lemierre syndrome
- Melioidosis
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Neisseria meningiditis
- Oxaprozin
- Pergolide
- Peritonitis
- Pralatrexate,
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Sargramostim
- Sipuleucel-T
- Tiagabine
- Vibrio vulnificus
References
- ↑ Mayr FB, Yende S, Angus DC (2014). "Epidemiology of severe sepsis". Virulence. 5 (1): 4–11. doi:10.4161/viru.27372. PMC 3916382. PMID 24335434.
- ↑ Annane D, Aegerter P, Jars-Guincestre MC, Guidet B (2003). "Current epidemiology of septic shock: the CUB-Réa Network". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168 (2): 165–72. doi:10.1164/rccm.2201087. PMID 12851245.
- ↑ Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, Sinopoli D, Chu H, Cosgrove S, Sexton B, Hyzy R, Welsh R, Roth G, Bander J, Kepros J, Goeschel C (2006). "An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (26): 2725–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa061115. PMID 17192537.