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| __NOTOC__
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| {{Esophageal candidiasis}}
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| {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{AY}}
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| ==Overview==
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| Esophageal candidiasis should be differentiated from other diseases causing [[dysphagia]] especially in [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised patients]].
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| ==Differentiating esophageal candidiasis from other diseases==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !
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| !Prominent clinical featurs
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| !Endoscopy findings
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| !
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| |Candida esophagitis
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| * [[Odynophagia]] is the most prominent symptom
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| * May be accompanied by [[oropharyngeal candidiasis]]
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| * [[Endoscopy]] shows characteristic white yellowish lesions over the [[Mucous membrane|mucosa.]]
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| |[[HSV|HSV esophagitis]]
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| * [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]] is due to reactivation of [[HSV]] usually in [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised patients]].
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| * [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]] usually presents acutely as [[dysphagia]], [[odynophagia]] accompanied by [[fever]] and other constitutional symptoms.
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| * [[Vesicles|Oropharyngeal vesicles]] and [[ulcers]] may accompany [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]].<ref name="pmid8686361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker K, Lübke HJ, Borchard F, Häussinger D |title=[Inflammatory esophageal diseases caused by herpes simplex virus infections--overview and report of 15 personal cases] |language=German |journal=Z Gastroenterol |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=286–95 |year=1996 |pmid=8686361 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| * [[HSV]] lesions are usually present in the distal esophagus. Lesions start as [[vesicles]] but later on coalesce and form large [[ulcers]].
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| * [[Ulcers]] are 8-10 mm in size, has a volcano like appearance and covered with a white exudate.
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| |[[CMV esophagitis (patient information)|CMV esophagitis]]
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| * [[CMV esophagitis (patient information)|CMV esophagitis]] is characterized by more insidious onset of [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[dysphagia]] and consequent [[weight loss]].
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| * [[CMV esophagitis (patient information)|CMV esophagitis]] occurs more commonly in [[organ transplant]] patients more than in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] patients.
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| * As in [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]], [[CMV]] lesions are usually in the distal esophagus.
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| * Lesions can be multiple small [[ulcers]] or large single shallow ulcer.
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| * [[CMV]] esophagitis can present as [[Necrosis|esophageal necrosis]] with no ulcers.<ref name="pmid2823585">{{cite journal |vauthors=Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Hulnick D, Cho KC, Beranbaum E |title=Cytomegalovirus esophagitis in AIDS: radiographic features in 16 patients |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=149 |issue=5 |pages=919–23 |year=1987 |pmid=2823585 |doi=10.2214/ajr.149.5.919 |url=}}</ref>
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| |[[Lymphoma|Esophageal lymphoma]]
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| * [[Lymphoma|Esophageal lymphoma]] has nonspecific symptoms of [[dysphagia]], [[hoarseness]] and [[Chest pain|retrosternal chest pain]].
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| * [[Endoscopy]] is useful in obtaining [[biopsies]] as visual findings are not specific as [[lymphoma]] can be accompanied by [[candidiasis]] or [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]].<ref name="pmid21160688">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghimire P, Wu GY, Zhu L |title=Primary esophageal lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: Two case reports and literature review |journal=World J Radiol |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=334–8 |year=2010 |pmid=21160688 |pmc=2999330 |doi=10.4329/wjr.v2.i8.334 |url=}}</ref>
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| |}
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| Candida esophagitis should also be differentiated from other causes of dysphagia as:
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| *[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD)
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| *[[Barrett's esophagus]]
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| *[[Esophageal achalasia]]
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| *[[Esophagitis|Pill esophagitis]]
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| *[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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