Rotavirus infection differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Line 146: Line 146:
|May cause vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency
|May cause vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency
|}
|}
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Organism
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Age predilection
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Travel History
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Incubation Size (cell)
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Incubation Time
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|History and Symptoms
! colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Diarrhea type∞
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Food source
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|Specific consideration
|-
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Fever
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|N/V
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Cramping Abd Pain
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Small Bowel
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Large Bowel
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Inflammatory
!style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF|Non-inflammatory
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Viral'''
| colspan="2"  style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<2 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<10<sup>2</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<48 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mostly in day cares, most common in winter.
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any age
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10 -10<sup>3</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |24-48 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Most common cause of gastroenteritis, abdominal tenderness,
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<2 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>5</sup> -10<sup>6</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |8-10 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |No seasonality
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Astrovirus]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<5 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |72-96 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Seafood
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mostly during winter
|-
| rowspan="11" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Bacterial'''
| rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Escherichia coli]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any age
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>8</sup> -10<sup>10</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |24 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Causes travelers diarrhea, contains heat-labile toxins (LT) and heat-stable toxins (ST)
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<1 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |6-12 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Raw beef and chicken
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |24 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hamburger meat and unpasteurized milk
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Similar to [[shigellosis]], can cause bloody diarrhea
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |3-4 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Undercooked or raw hamburger (ground beef) 
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Known as ''[[Escherichia coli O157:H7|E. coli]]'' [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|O157:H7]], can cause [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]]/[[TTP]].
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>10</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |8-18 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause prolonged or persistent diarrhea in children
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Salmonella|Salmonella sp.]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |6 to 72 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Meats, poultry, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, shrimp, spices, yeast, coconut, sauces, freshly prepared salad.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Can cause [[salmonellosis]] or [[typhoid fever]].
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Shigella|Shigella sp.]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10 - 200
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |8-48 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Raw foods, for example, lettuce, salads (potato, tuna, shrimp, macaroni, and chicken)
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Some strains produce enterotoxin and Shiga toxin similar to those produced by E. coli O157:H7
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Campylobacter|Campylobacter sp.]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<5 y, 15-29 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>4</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |2-5 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Undercooked poultry products, unpasteurized milk and cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, vegetables,  seafood and contaminated water.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause [[bacteremia]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS), [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|hemolytic uremic syndrome]] (HUS) and recurrent [[colitis]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<10 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>4</sup> -10<sup>6</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1-11 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Meats (pork, beef, lamb, etc.), oysters, fish, crabs, and raw milk.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause [[reactive arthritis]]; [[glomerulonephritis]]; [[endocarditis]]; [[erythema nodosum]].
can mimic [[appendicitis]] and mesenteric [[lymphadenitis]].
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Clostridium perfringens]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |> 10<sup>6</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |16 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Meats (especially beef and poultry), meat-containing products (e.g., gravies and stews), and Mexican foods.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Can survive high heat,
|-
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>10</sup>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |24-48 h
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Seafoods, including molluscan shellfish (oysters, mussels, and clams), crab, lobster, shrimp, squid, and finfish.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hypotension]], [[tachycardia]], decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]. Rice-water stools
|-
| rowspan="7" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Parasites'''
| rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Protozoa
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |2-5 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1 cyst
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1-2 we
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Contaminated water
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause [[malabsorption syndrome]] and severe [[weight loss]]
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |4-11 y
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<10 cysts
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |2-4 we
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Contaminated water and raw foods
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause intestinal amebiasis and amebic liver abscess
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10-100 oocysts
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |7-10 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Juices and milk
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause copious diarrhea and [[dehydration]] in patients with [[AIDS]] especially with  180 > [[CD4|CD<sub>4</sub>]]
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |10-100 oocysts
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |7-10 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Fresh produce, such as raspberries, basil, and several varieties of lettuce.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |More common in rainy areas
|-
| rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Helminths
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Trichinella]]'' [[Trichinella|spp]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Two viable larvae (male and female)
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1-4 we
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Undercooked meats
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |More common in hunters or people who eat traditionally uncooked meats
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Taenia (tapeworm)|Taenia]]'' [[Taenia (tapeworm)|spp]]
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1 larva or egg
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |2-4 m
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Undercooked beef and pork
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Neurocysticercosis]]: Cysts located in the brain may be asymptomatic or [[seizures]], increased [[intracranial pressure]], [[headache]].
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]]''
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Any ages
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |1 larva
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |15 d
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Raw or undercooked fish.
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May cause vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency
|}
<br><br>
<small><small>
∞'''Small bowel diarrhea''': watery, voluminous with less than 5 WBC/high power field
'''Large bowel diarrhea''': Mucousy and/or bloody with less volume and more than 10 WBC/high power field<br>
† It could be as high as 1000 based on patient's immunity system.
</small></small>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:13, 31 May 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Rotavirus infection most commonly causes watery diarrhea and it is the leading cause of death in the children and infants. Rotavirus infection should be differentiated from other pathogens and diseases that cause diarrhea. In the below table it is differentiated from the other viruses that can cause the diarrhea like adenovirus, bacteria like the E. coli and shigella, and parasites like the protozoa.

Differentiating rotavirus infection from other diseases

Rotavirus must be differentiated from other diseases and pathogens that cause watery diarrhea. In the below table it is differentiated from the other viruses that can cause the diarrhea like adenovirus, bacteria like the E. coli, and parasites like the taenia spp.

Organism Age predilection Travel history Incubation size Incubation time History and symptoms Food source Specific consideration
Fever N/V Abdominal cramps
Viral Rotavirus <2 y - <102 <48 h + + - - Mostly in day cares, most common in winter.
Norovirus Any age - 10 -103 24-48 h + + + - Most common cause of gastroenteritis, abdominal tenderness,
Adenovirus <2 y - 105 -106 8-10 d + + + - No seasonality
Astrovirus <5 y - 72-96 h + + + Seafood Mostly during winter
Bacteria ETEC Any age + 108 -1010 24 h - + + - Causes travelers diarrhea, contains heat-labile toxins (LT) and heat-stable toxins (ST)
EPEC <1 y - 10† 6-12 h - + + Raw beef and chicken -
Vibrio cholera Any ages - 106-1010 24-48 h - + + Seafoods, including molluscan shellfish (oysters, mussels, and clams), crab, lobster, shrimp, squid, and finfish. Hypotension, tachycardia, decreased skin turgor. Rice-water stools
Parasites Cryptosporidium parvum Any ages - 10-100 oocysts 7-10 d + + + Juices and milk May cause copious diarrhea and dehydration in patients with AIDS especially with 180 > CD4
Cyclospora cayetanensis Any ages + 10-100 oocysts 7-10 d - + + Fresh produce, such as raspberries, basil, and several varieties of lettuce. More common in rainy areas
Taenia spp Any ages - 1 larva or egg 2-4 m - + + Undercooked beef and pork Neurocysticercosis: Cysts located in the brain may be asymptomatic or seizures, increased intracranial pressure, headache.
Diphyllobothrium latum Any ages - 1 larva 15 d - - - Raw or undercooked fish. May cause vitamin B12 deficiency

References

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