Bronchiolitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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The following infants and children cases are at higher risk to be infected with bronchiolitis:<ref name= "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)"> CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/transmission.html Accessed on June 1, 2017 </ref><ref name="pmid26735994">{{cite journal| author=Meissner HC| title=Viral Bronchiolitis in Children. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 374 | issue= 1 | pages= 62-72 | pmid=26735994 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1413456 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26735994 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21817948">{{cite journal| author=Stockman LJ, Curns AT, Anderson LJ, Fischer-Langley G| title=Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2012 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-9 | pmid=21817948 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31822e68e6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21817948 }} </ref> | The following infants and children cases are at higher risk to be infected with bronchiolitis:<ref name= "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)"> CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/transmission.html Accessed on June 1, 2017 </ref><ref name="pmid26735994">{{cite journal| author=Meissner HC| title=Viral Bronchiolitis in Children. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 374 | issue= 1 | pages= 62-72 | pmid=26735994 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1413456 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26735994 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21817948">{{cite journal| author=Stockman LJ, Curns AT, Anderson LJ, Fischer-Langley G| title=Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2012 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-9 | pmid=21817948 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31822e68e6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21817948 }} </ref> | ||
*Premature infants as the maternal transfer of immunoglobulins occur in the last trimester | *Premature infants as the maternal transfer of immunoglobulins occur in the last trimester | ||
*Young children infected with congenital heart | *Young children infected with congenital heart diseases are at high risk due to decreased cardiac output.<ref name="pmid14571236">{{cite journal| author=Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, Piazza FM, Carlin DA, Top FH et al.| title=Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2003 | volume= 143 | issue= 4 | pages= 532-40 | pmid=14571236 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14571236 }} </ref> These diseases include: | ||
**Pulmonary hypertension | |||
**Congestive heart failure | |||
*Children and infants infected by chronic lung disease | *Children and infants infected by chronic lung disease | ||
*Immunocompromised children due to a medical condition or medical treatment | *Immunocompromised children due to a medical condition or medical treatment | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of bronchiolitis include exposure to cigarette smoke, age < 6 months, lack of breast-feeding, prematurity, and crowded living conditions.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in infants and children
The following infants and children cases are at higher risk to be infected with bronchiolitis:[1][2][3]
- Premature infants as the maternal transfer of immunoglobulins occur in the last trimester
- Young children infected with congenital heart diseases are at high risk due to decreased cardiac output.[4] These diseases include:
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Congestive heart failure
- Children and infants infected by chronic lung disease
- Immunocompromised children due to a medical condition or medical treatment
Risk factors include:
- Exposure to cigarette smoke
- Age younger than 6 months old
- Living in crowded conditions
- Lack of breast-feeding
- Prematurity (being born before 37 weeks gestation)
References
- ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/transmission.html Accessed on June 1, 2017
- ↑ Meissner HC (2016). "Viral Bronchiolitis in Children". N Engl J Med. 374 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1413456. PMID 26735994.
- ↑ Stockman LJ, Curns AT, Anderson LJ, Fischer-Langley G (2012). "Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 31 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31822e68e6. PMID 21817948.
- ↑ Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, Piazza FM, Carlin DA, Top FH; et al. (2003). "Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease". J Pediatr. 143 (4): 532–40. PMID 14571236.