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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


===Prevalence=== <ref name="pmid16080086">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ |title=Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=634–53 |year=2005 |pmid=16080086 |doi=10.1086/432579 |url=}}</ref>
=== Prevalence <ref name="pmid16080086">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ |title=Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=634–53 |year=2005 |pmid=16080086 |doi=10.1086/432579 |url=}}</ref> ===
*Mucormycosis is rare, but the exact number of cases is difficult to determine because no national surveillance exists in the United States as per CDC.<ref name="urlMucormycosis Statistics | Mucormycosis | Fungal Diseases | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mucormycosis/statistics.html#eight |title=Mucormycosis Statistics &#124; Mucormycosis &#124; Fungal Diseases &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Mucormycosis is rare, but the exact number of cases is difficult to determine because no national surveillance exists in the United States as per CDC.<ref name="urlMucormycosis Statistics | Mucormycosis | Fungal Diseases | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mucormycosis/statistics.html#eight |title=Mucormycosis Statistics &#124; Mucormycosis &#124; Fungal Diseases &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*The data available is population-based, varies according to the geographic region and is reported over a time period.
*The data available is population-based, varies according to the geographic region and is reported over a time period.
Line 15: Line 15:
*The prevalence rate of Mucormycosis infection was generally 4200 per 100,000 patients of hematologic malignancies in a study conducted in Iran.<ref name="pmid28255394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noorifard M, Sekhavati E, Jalaei Khoo H, Hazraty I, Tabrizi R |title=Epidemiology and clinical manifestation of fungal infection related to Mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies |journal=J Med Life |volume=8 |issue=Spec Iss 2 |pages=32–37 |year=2015 |pmid=28255394 |pmc=5327702 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence rate of Mucormycosis infection was generally 4200 per 100,000 patients of hematologic malignancies in a study conducted in Iran.<ref name="pmid28255394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noorifard M, Sekhavati E, Jalaei Khoo H, Hazraty I, Tabrizi R |title=Epidemiology and clinical manifestation of fungal infection related to Mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies |journal=J Med Life |volume=8 |issue=Spec Iss 2 |pages=32–37 |year=2015 |pmid=28255394 |pmc=5327702 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


 
=== Incidence ===
===Incidence===
*A population-based surveillance study in San Francisco, California, from 1992 to 1993 revealed that the annual incidence of mucormycosis was 1.7 cases per 100,000 individuals (roughly 500 cases per year).<ref name="pmid9827260">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL |title=The epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=1138–47 |year=1998 |pmid=9827260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*A population-based surveillance study in San Francisco, California, from 1992 to 1993 revealed that the annual incidence of mucormycosis was 1.7 cases per 100,000 individuals (roughly 500 cases per year).<ref name="pmid9827260">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL |title=The epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=1138–47 |year=1998 |pmid=9827260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* A more recent study in a more general population in Spain found a lower incidence 0.4 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid17392438">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torres-Narbona M, Guinea J, Martínez-Alarcón J, Muñoz P, Gadea I, Bouza E |title=Impact of zygomycosis on microbiology workload: a survey study in Spain |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=2051–3 |year=2007 |pmid=17392438 |pmc=1933097 |doi=10.1128/JCM.02473-06 |url=}}</ref>
* A more recent study in a more general population in Spain found a lower incidence 0.43 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid17392438">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torres-Narbona M, Guinea J, Martínez-Alarcón J, Muñoz P, Gadea I, Bouza E |title=Impact of zygomycosis on microbiology workload: a survey study in Spain |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=2051–3 |year=2007 |pmid=17392438 |pmc=1933097 |doi=10.1128/JCM.02473-06 |url=}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
 
* Extremes of age predispose an individual to mucormycosis infection.
 
===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection for mucormycosis.
*There is no racial predilection for mucormycosis.


===Gender===
===Gender===
* There is no gender predilection for mucormycosis.


=== Mortality rate<ref name="pmid16080086">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ |title=Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=634–53 |year=2005 |pmid=16080086 |doi=10.1086/432579 |url=}}</ref> ===
=== Mortality rate<ref name="pmid16080086">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ |title=Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=634–53 |year=2005 |pmid=16080086 |doi=10.1086/432579 |url=}}</ref> ===

Revision as of 01:03, 5 June 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence [1]

  • Mucormycosis is rare, but the exact number of cases is difficult to determine because no national surveillance exists in the United States as per CDC.[2]
  • The data available is population-based, varies according to the geographic region and is reported over a time period.
  • The prevalence is 36000 per 100,000 patients for diabetics.
  • The prevalence of mucormycosis for individuals for no underlying condition is 19000 per 100,000 individuals.
  • The prevalence of mucormycosis for patients with malignancy is 17000 per 100,000 patients.
  • The prevalence rate of Mucormycosis infection was generally 4200 per 100,000 patients of hematologic malignancies in a study conducted in Iran.[3]

Incidence

  • A population-based surveillance study in San Francisco, California, from 1992 to 1993 revealed that the annual incidence of mucormycosis was 1.7 cases per 100,000 individuals (roughly 500 cases per year).[4]
  • A more recent study in a more general population in Spain found a lower incidence 0.43 cases per 100,000 individuals.[5]

Age

  • Extremes of age predispose an individual to mucormycosis infection.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection for mucormycosis.

Gender

  • There is no gender predilection for mucormycosis.

Mortality rate[1]

  • Mucormycosis is frequently a life-threatening infection. A review of published mucormycosis cases found an overall all-cause mortality rate of 54000 per 100,000 indiviudals.
  • The overall mortality for patients with diabetes is 44000 100,000 patients.
  • The overall mortality for individuals with no underlying condition is 35000 per 100,000 individuals.
  • The overall mortality for patients with malignancy like acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome is 66000 per 100,000 patients.

Seasonal Variation

  • Data suggests that there is a seasonal variation among patients acquiring mucormycosis infection with a peak during the Autumn season.[6][7]

Reference

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ (2005). "Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases". Clin. Infect. Dis. 41 (5): 634–53. doi:10.1086/432579. PMID 16080086.
  2. ↑ "Mucormycosis Statistics | Mucormycosis | Fungal Diseases | CDC".
  3. ↑ Noorifard M, Sekhavati E, Jalaei Khoo H, Hazraty I, Tabrizi R (2015). "Epidemiology and clinical manifestation of fungal infection related to Mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies". J Med Life. 8 (Spec Iss 2): 32–37. PMC 5327702. PMID 28255394.
  4. ↑ Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL (1998). "The epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance". Clin. Infect. Dis. 27 (5): 1138–47. PMID 9827260.
  5. ↑ Torres-Narbona M, Guinea J, Martínez-Alarcón J, Muñoz P, Gadea I, Bouza E (2007). "Impact of zygomycosis on microbiology workload: a survey study in Spain". J. Clin. Microbiol. 45 (6): 2051–3. doi:10.1128/JCM.02473-06. PMC 1933097. PMID 17392438.
  6. ↑ Talmi YP, Goldschmied-Reouven A, Bakon M, Barshack I, Wolf M, Horowitz Z, Berkowicz M, Keller N, Kronenberg J (2002). "Rhino-orbital and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 127 (1): 22–31. doi:10.1067/mhn.2002.126587. PMID 12161726.
  7. ↑ Funada H, Matsuda T (1996). "Pulmonary mucormycosis in a hematology ward". Intern. Med. 35 (7): 540–4. PMID 8842759.

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