Legionellosis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon the affected organ systems and the clinical presentation: pulmonary infection (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and Pontiac fever. Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. | Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon the affected organ systems and the clinical presentation: [[Pneumonia|pulmonary infection]] (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and [[Pontiac fever]]. Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. | ||
== | ==Classification== | ||
Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentation: | Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentation: | ||
===Pulmonary Infection (Legionnaires' Disease)=== | ===Pulmonary Infection (Legionnaires' Disease)=== | ||
*Legionnaires' disease may further be classified into: | *Legionnaires' disease may further be classified into: | ||
:*Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (most commonly ''L. pneumophila'') | :*Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (most commonly ''[[Legionella pneumophila|L. pneumophila]]'') | ||
:* Healthcare associated Legionnaires' disease (most commonly ''L. pneumophila'') | :* Healthcare associated Legionnaires' disease (most commonly ''[[Legionella pneumophila|L. pneumophila]]'') | ||
:* Pittsburgh pneumonia (caused by ''L. micdadei'') | :* Pittsburgh pneumonia (caused by ''[[Legionella micdadei|L. micdadei]]'') | ||
===Extrapulmonary Legionella Infection=== | ===Extrapulmonary Legionella Infection=== | ||
*The following organ systems may be involved: | *The following organ systems may be involved: | ||
:* Cutaneous involvement legionellosis | :* [[Cutaneous]] involvement legionellosis | ||
:* Legionella encephalopathy | :* Legionella [[encephalopathy]] | ||
:* Disseminated legionella infection | :* Disseminated legionella infection | ||
===Pontiac Fever=== | ===Pontiac Fever=== | ||
*A mild flu-like infectious disease without pneumonia. It is often distinguished from Legionnaires' disease by clinical features (see table below). | *A mild flu-like infectious disease without pneumonia. It is often distinguished from Legionnaires' disease by clinical features (see table below). | ||
{| {{table}} | {| {{table}} cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:#c9c9c9 1px solid; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border-collapse: collapse;" | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Characteristic''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Characteristic''' | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Legionnaires' disease''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Legionnaires' disease''' | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Pontiac fever''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Pontiac fever''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Clinical features||Pneumonia, cough, fever||Flu-like illness (fever, chills, malaise) without pneumonia | | Clinical features||[[Pneumonia]], [[cough]], [[fever]]||Flu-like illness ([[fever]], chills, [[malaise]]) without [[pneumonia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Radiographic pneumonia||Yes||No | | Radiographic pneumonia||Yes||No | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
| Incubation period||2-14 days after exposure||24-72 hours after exposure | | Incubation period||2-14 days after exposure||24-72 hours after exposure | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Etiologic agent||Legionella species||Legionella species | | Etiologic agent||[[Legionella spp|Legionella species]]||[[Legionella spp.|Legionella species]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Attack rate[1]||< 5%||> 90% | | Attack rate[1]||< 5%||> 90% | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
==Microbiological Classification== | ==Microbiological Classification== | ||
Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. Species of ''Legionella'' include: | Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. Species of ''Legionella'' include: | ||
:*''L. pneumophila'' | :*''[[Legionella pneumophila|L. pneumophila]]'' | ||
:*''L. feeleii'' | :*''[[Legionella spp|L. feeleii]]'' | ||
:*''L. sainthelensi'' | :*''[[Legionella spp|L. sainthelensi]]'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:30, 13 June 2017
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Legionellosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Legionellosis classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Legionellosis classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Legionellosis classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon the affected organ systems and the clinical presentation: pulmonary infection (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and Pontiac fever. Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease.
Classification
Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentation:
Pulmonary Infection (Legionnaires' Disease)
- Legionnaires' disease may further be classified into:
- Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (most commonly L. pneumophila)
- Healthcare associated Legionnaires' disease (most commonly L. pneumophila)
- Pittsburgh pneumonia (caused by L. micdadei)
Extrapulmonary Legionella Infection
- The following organ systems may be involved:
- Cutaneous involvement legionellosis
- Legionella encephalopathy
- Disseminated legionella infection
Pontiac Fever
- A mild flu-like infectious disease without pneumonia. It is often distinguished from Legionnaires' disease by clinical features (see table below).
| Characteristic | Legionnaires' disease | Pontiac fever |
| Clinical features | Pneumonia, cough, fever | Flu-like illness (fever, chills, malaise) without pneumonia |
| Radiographic pneumonia | Yes | No |
| Incubation period | 2-14 days after exposure | 24-72 hours after exposure |
| Etiologic agent | Legionella species | Legionella species |
| Attack rate[1] | < 5% | > 90% |
| Isolation of organism | Possible | Never |
| Outcome | Hospitalization common Case-fatality rate: 5-30% |
Hospitalization uncommon Case-fatality rate: 0% |
Microbiological Classification
Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. Species of Legionella include: