Mastoiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The pathophysiology of mastoiditis is straightforward: bacteria spread from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, where the inflammation causes damage to the bony structures. The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[gram-negative]] [[bacilli]]. Other bacteria include ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', and rarely, ''[[Mycobacterium]]'' species. Some mastoiditis is caused by [[cholesteatoma]], which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
<ref name="pmid19734439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q |title=Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=110–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19734439 |doi=10.1177/0009922809344349 |url=}}</ref> | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 20:51, 21 June 2017
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of mastoiditis is straightforward: bacteria spread from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, where the inflammation causes damage to the bony structures. The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacilli. Other bacteria include Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and rarely, Mycobacterium species. Some mastoiditis is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications.
References
- ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.