Mastoiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
* Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. | * Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. <ref name="pmid19734439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q |title=Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=110–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19734439 |doi=10.1177/0009922809344349 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[gram-negative]] [[bacilli]]. Other bacteria include ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', and rarely, ''[[Mycobacterium]]'' species. Some mastoiditis is caused by [[cholesteatoma]], which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications. | * The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[gram-negative]] [[bacilli]]. Other bacteria include ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', and rarely, ''[[Mycobacterium]]'' species. Some mastoiditis is caused by [[cholesteatoma]], which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications. | ||
Revision as of 12:48, 22 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Pathophysiology
- Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. [1]
- The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacilli. Other bacteria include Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and rarely, Mycobacterium species. Some mastoiditis is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications.
References
- ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.