Mastoiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
* Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. <ref name="pmid197344392">{{cite journal|year=2010|title=Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population|url=|journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila)|volume=49|issue=2|pages=110–5|doi=10.1177/0009922809344349|pmid=19734439|vauthors=Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q}}</ref>


==Pathophysiology==
== Pathogenesis ==
* Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. <ref name="pmid19734439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q |title=Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=110–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19734439 |doi=10.1177/0009922809344349 |url=}}</ref>
* Most common bacteria causing acute Mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus  
 
* The bacteria most commonly observed to cause mastoiditis are ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[gram-negative]] [[bacilli]]. Other bacteria include ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', and rarely, ''[[Mycobacterium]]'' species. Some mastoiditis is caused by [[cholesteatoma]], which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:23, 22 June 2017

Mastoiditis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

  • Because of the relation pass between the middle ear and mastoid air cells, bacteria may be transmitted to the mastoid air cells The inflammation and fluid and bacteria accumulation in mastoid cavities can cause periosteitis and then mastoid bony structure destruction. [1]

Pathogenesis

  • Most common bacteria causing acute Mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus

References

  1. ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.

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