African trypanosomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:10, 23 June 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Pilar Almonacid

Natural History

Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase is irreversible.

Complications

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Prognosis

Without treatment, death may occur within 6 months from cardiac failure or from rhodesiense infection itself. Gambiense infection causes the classic "sleeping sickness" disease and gets worse more quickly, often over a few weeks. Both diseases should be treated immediately.

References

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 ==Natural History==
-# A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a [[chancre]] (SHAN-ker).
+*Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to [[coma]] and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase is irreversible.
-# Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected [[tsetse fly]] bite and begin with [[fever]], [[headaches]], and [[joint pain]]s.
-# As the [[parasite]]s enter through both the [[blood]] and [[lymph system]]s, [[lymph nodes]] often [[swell]] up to tremendous sizes.
-# [[Winterbottom's sign]], the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear.
-# If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include [[anemia]], [[endocrine]], [[cardiac]], and [[kidney]] diseases and disorders.
-# The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the [[blood-brain barrier]].
-# The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides [[confusion]] and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of [[fatigue]] punctuated with [[manic]] periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime [[insomnia]].
-# Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to [[coma]] and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.
 ==Complications==