Acute viral nasopharyngitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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*Contact with infected persons patients especially if sitting in close proximity to the patient | *Contact with infected persons patients especially if sitting in close proximity to the patient | ||
*Going to daycare centers (for infants and children) | *Going to daycare centers (for infants and children) | ||
*Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis. | *[[Allergic rhinitis]] or [[sinusitis]]. | ||
*Immunosuppressed patients (HIV or hematologic malignancy) | *[[Immunosuppressed]] patients ([[HIV]] or [[Hematological malignancy|hematologic malignancy]]) | ||
====Exposure to Cold Weather==== | ====Exposure to Cold Weather==== | ||
*Although common colds are seasonal, with more occurring during winter, there is no evidence that short-term exposure to cold weather or direct chilling increases susceptibility to infection.<ref name="pmid12357708">{{cite journal | author = Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold | journal = Rhinology | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 109-14 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12357708}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch | title = Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect | journal = New Engl. J. Med | volume = 279 | year = 1968}}</ref> | *Although common colds are seasonal, with more occurring during winter, there is no evidence that short-term exposure to cold weather or direct chilling increases susceptibility to [[infection]].<ref name="pmid12357708">{{cite journal | author = Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold | journal = Rhinology | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 109-14 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12357708}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch | title = Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect | journal = New Engl. J. Med | volume = 279 | year = 1968}}</ref> | ||
*With respect to the causation of cold-like ''symptoms'', researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to "test the hypothesis that acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms."<ref name="pmid16286463">{{cite journal | author = Johnson C, Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms | journal = Family Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 608-13 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16286463 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmi072 | url = http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/608}}</ref> The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms, and belief they had a cold, but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. It concludes that the onset of common cold ''symptoms'' can be caused by acute chilling of the feet, but that "further studies are needed to determine the relationship of symptom generation to any respiratory infection." | *With respect to the causation of cold-like ''symptoms'', researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to "test the hypothesis that acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms."<ref name="pmid16286463">{{cite journal | author = Johnson C, Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms | journal = Family Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 608-13 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16286463 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmi072 | url = http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/608}}</ref> The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms, and belief they had a cold, but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. It concludes that the onset of common cold ''symptoms'' can be caused by acute chilling of the feet, but that "further studies are needed to determine the relationship of symptom generation to any respiratory infection." | ||
===Less common risk factors=== | ===Less common risk factors=== | ||
Less common risk factors include<ref name="pmid9333254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heeler RM |title=Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=15 |pages=1231–2 |year=1997 |pmid=9333254 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Less common risk factors include<ref name="pmid9333254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heeler RM |title=Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=15 |pages=1231–2 |year=1997 |pmid=9333254 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Pregnant women are at increased risk of having common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. On the opposite, breastfeeding decreases the risk of having common cold. | *[[Pregnant]] women are at increased risk of having common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. On the opposite, [[breastfeeding]] decreases the risk of having common cold. | ||
*Old age > 65 years | *Old age > 65 years | ||
*Morbid obesity (BMI > 35) | *[[Morbid obesity]] (BMI > 35) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 13:45, 26 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of acute viral nasopharyngitis are contact with an infected patient, going to daycare centers and lower body temperature.
Risk factors
More common risk factors
Common risk factors for having acute viral nasopharyngitis[1]
- Contact with infected persons patients especially if sitting in close proximity to the patient
- Going to daycare centers (for infants and children)
- Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis.
- Immunosuppressed patients (HIV or hematologic malignancy)
Exposure to Cold Weather
- Although common colds are seasonal, with more occurring during winter, there is no evidence that short-term exposure to cold weather or direct chilling increases susceptibility to infection.[2][3]
- With respect to the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to "test the hypothesis that acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms."[4] The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms, and belief they had a cold, but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. It concludes that the onset of common cold symptoms can be caused by acute chilling of the feet, but that "further studies are needed to determine the relationship of symptom generation to any respiratory infection."
Less common risk factors
Less common risk factors include[5]
- Pregnant women are at increased risk of having common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. On the opposite, breastfeeding decreases the risk of having common cold.
- Old age > 65 years
- Morbid obesity (BMI > 35)
References
- ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
- ↑ Eccles R (2002). "Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold". Rhinology. 40 (3): 109–14. PMID 12357708.
- ↑ Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch (1968). "Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect". New Engl. J. Med. 279.
- ↑ Johnson C, Eccles R (2005). "Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms". Family Practice. 22 (6): 608–13. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi072. PMID 16286463.
- ↑ Heeler RM (1997). "Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold". JAMA. 278 (15): 1231–2. PMID 9333254.