Mastoiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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== Pathogenesis ==
== Pathogenesis ==
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* The mucosa that lines the middle ear and the mastoid air cells become inflamed in the setting of [[acute otitis media]].  
* The mucosa that lines the middle ear and the mastoid air cells become inflamed in the setting of [[acute otitis media]].   
* The most common bacteria that cause acute mastoiditis are [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], and Staphylococcus aureus. <ref name="pmid18304656">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A |title=Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=629–34 |year=2008 |pmid=18304656 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013 |url=}}</ref>
* Staphylococci, Pseudomonas spp. and polymicrobials present predominantly seen in non-acute Mastoiditis.<ref name="pmid22578647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF |title=Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges |journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=377–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22578647 |doi=10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008 |url=}}</ref>
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be find in children with acute mastoiditis as a consequence of recurrent acute otitis media and antibiotic use<ref name="pmid22578647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF |title=Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges |journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=377–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22578647 |doi=10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008 |url=}}</ref>
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Revision as of 19:16, 26 June 2017

Mastoiditis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mastoiditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Acute mastoiditis is the infection of the temporal bone that occurs after otitis media of less than one month. Mucosa lining the middle ear and also mastoid air cells becomes inflamed in the setting of acute otitis media. Most cases of the infection resolve, but some persist leading to bacterial and fluid accumulation within the mastoid air cells. With increasing pressure, mastoid air cells may be damaged.[1][2] Most common bacteria causing acute mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Pathogenesis

...

  • The mucosa that lines the middle ear and the mastoid air cells become inflamed in the setting of acute otitis media.

References

  1. ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.
  2. ↑ Pang LH, Barakate MS, Havas TE (2009). "Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 73 (11): 1520–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.003. PMID 19758711.

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